Polarization, virality and contrary sentiments for LGTB content on Instagram, TikTok, and Twitter

  1. Carlos Barroso-Moreno 1
  2. Laura Rayón-Rumayor 1
  3. Elena Bañares-Marivela 1
  4. José Hernández-Ortega 1
  1. 1 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

Revista:
El profesional de la información

ISSN: 1386-6710,  1699-2407

Año de publicación: 2023

Título del ejemplar: Digital native media ecosystem

Volumen: 32

Número: 2

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.3145/EPI.2023.MAR.11 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAcceso abierto editor

Otras publicaciones en: El profesional de la información

Objetivos de desarrollo sostenible

Resumen

Las plataformas digitales son espacios de participación social con un valor significativo para el desarrollo de la identidad de adolescentes y adultos emergentes. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar el comportamiento y visibilidad del contenido LGTB a partir de las publicaciones de Instagram, TikTok y Twitter desde el 16 de mayo al 16 de noviembre de 2022, recopilando 539.389 publicaciones. Las técnicas de monitorización de redes sociales capturan las publicaciones con las palabras clave LGTB o LGBT en español e inglés, conformando la base de datos. La metodología se articula en torno a un diseño mixto: por un lado, se analiza la base de datos con técnicas de big data y, por otro, se seleccionan las 10 publicaciones más virales de cada red social. Los resultados evidencian una difusión de la identidad de género asimétrica en contenido y significado entre las diferentes redes sociales. Los perfiles de Twitter cuentan con mayor número de publicaciones (61%), polarización, menor viralidad y albergan una LGTBfobia visible. Instagram tiene un número de publicaciones (37%) y viralidad media con sentimientos positivos. TikTok tiene menos publicaciones (2%), menor polarización, mensajes positivos y viralidad extrema. Las tres redes recogen las manifestaciones del Orgullo como símbolo del colectivo porque desestabilizan y enfrentan la opresión LGTBfobia al ocupar los espacios públicos, convirtiéndose en un armario abierto sin estigma ni vergüenza, reflejado en las redes sociales. Estas plataformas tienen un comportamiento multidimensional, asimétrico y diferenciado para el contenido LGTB, que evidencia la necesidad de garantizar el respeto a la diversidad de identidad sexual y de género en las plataformas digitales.

Referencias bibliográficas

  • Abreu, Roberto; Kenny, Maureen (2018). “Cyberbullying and LGBTQ youth: A systematic literature review and recommendations for prevention and intervention”. Journal child of adolescent trauma, v. 11, n. 1, pp. 81-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-017-0175-7
  • Adjin-Tettey, Theodora-Dame (2022). “Combating fake news, disinformation, and misinformation: Experimental evidence for media literacy education”. Cogent arts & humanities, v. 9, n. 1, 2037229. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2022.2037229
  • Arce-García, Sergio; Orviz-Martínez, Natalia; Cuervo-Carabel, Tatiana (2020). “Impact of emotions expressed by digital newspapers on Twitter”. Profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 5. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.sep.20
  • Barroso-Moreno, Carlos; Rayón-Rumayor, Laura; Bautista-García-Vera, Antonio (2023). “Big data and business intelligence on Twitter and Instagram for digital inclusion”. Comunicar, n. 74, pp. 49-60. https://doi.org/10.3916/C74-2023-04
  • Caceres, Billy A.; Travers, Jasmine; Primiano, Jilian E.; Luscombe, Rachel E.; Dorsen, Caroline (2020). “Provider and LGBT individuals’ perspectives on LGBT issues in long-term care: A systematic review”. The gerontologist, v. 60, n. 3, pp. 169-183. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz012
  • Campos-Domínguez, Eva; Esteve-del-Valle, Marc; Renedo-Farpón, Cristina (2022). “Rhetoric of parliamentary disinformation on Twitter”. Comunicar, n. 72, pp. 47-58. https://doi.org/10.3916/C72-2022-04
  • Carlson, David-Lee (2014). “Postqueer? Examining tensions between LGBT studies and queer theory: A review of LBGT studies and queer theory”. Journal of LGBT youth, v. 11, n. 1, pp. 95-100. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2014.840767
  • Carpenter, Jeffrey P.; Morrison, Scott A.; Craft, Madeline; Lee, Michalene (2020). “How and why are educators using Instagram?”. Teaching and teacher education, v. 96, 103149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2020.103149
  • Cavalcante, Andre (2019). “Tumbling into queer utopias and vortexes: Experiences of LGBTQ social media users on tumblr”. Journal of homosexuality, v. 66, n. 12, pp. 1715-1735. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2018.1511131
  • Cheng-Stahl, Catherine; Literat, Ioana (2022). “#GenZ on TikTok: the collective online self-portrait of the social media generation”. Journal of youth studies, first online. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2022.2053671
  • Craig, Shelley L.; Eaton, Andrew D.; McInroy, Lauren B.; Leung, Vivian W. Y.; Krishnan, Sreedevi (2021). “Can social media participation enhance LGBTQ+ youth well-being? Development of the social media benefits scale”. Social media + society, v. 7, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/2056305121988931
  • Craig, Shelley L.; McInroy, Lauren (2014). “You can form a part of yourself online: The influence of new media on identity development and coming out for LGBTQ youth”. Journal of gay & lesbian mental health, v. 18, n. 1, pp. 95-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/19359705.2013.777007
  • Craig, Shelley L.; McInroy, Lauren B.; D’Souza, Sandra A.; Austin, Ashley; McCready, Lance T.; Eaton, Andrew D.; Shade, Leslie R.; Wagaman, M. Alex (2017). “Influence of information and communication technologies on the resilience and coping of sexual and gender minority youth in the United States and Canada (Project #Queery)”. JMIR research protocols, v. 6, n. 9, e189. https://doi.org/10.2196/resprot.8397
  • Dean, Jodi (2005). “Communicative capitalism: Circulation and the foreclosure of politics”. Cultural politics, v. 1, n. 1, pp. 51-74. https://doi.org/10.2752/174321905778054845
  • Enguix-Grau, Begonya (2017). “Protesta, mercado e identidad en las celebraciones del Orgullo LGTB en España”. Convergencia. Revista de ciencias sociales, n. 73, pp. 165-186. https://doi.org/10.29101/crcs.v0i73.4272
  • Enguix-Grau, Begonya (2019). Orgullo, protesta, negocio y otras derivas LGTB. Madrid: Doce Calles. ISBN: 978 84 97 44264 0
  • Evelyn, Sophie; Clancy, Elizabeth M.; Klettke, Bianca; Tatnell, Ruth (2022). “A phenomenological investigation into cyberbullying as experienced by people identifying as transgender or gender diverse”. International journal of environmental research and public health, v. 19, n. 11, 6560. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116560
  • Fox, Jesse; Ralston, Rachel (2016). “Queer identity online: Informal learning and teaching experiences of LGBTQ individuals on social media”. Computers in human behavior, n. 65, pp. 635-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.06.009
  • Gray, Mary L. (2009). “Negotiating identities/queering desires: Coming out online and the remediation of the coming-out story”. Journal of computer-mediated communication, n. 14, pp. 1162-1189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01485.x
  • Guiñez-Cabrera, Nataly; Mansilla-Obando, Katherine (2022). “Booktokers: Generating and sharing book content on TikTok”. Comunicar, n. 71, pp. 119-130. https://doi.org/10.3916/C71-2022-09
  • Hanckel, Benjamin; Morris, Alan (2014). “Finding community and contesting heteronormativity: queer young people’s engagement in an Australian online community”. Journal of youth studies, v. 17, n. 7, pp. 872-886. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2013.878792
  • Hillier, Lynne; Harrison, Lyn (2007). “Building realities less limited than their own: Young people practising same-sex attraction on the internet”. Sexualities, v. 10, n. 1, pp. 82-100. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460707072956
  • Hinduja, Sameer; Patchin, Justin W. (2020). Bullying, cyberbullying and LGBTQ students. Cyberbullying research center. https://bit.ly/3El1YpF
  • Jenzen, Olu (2017). “Trans youth and social media: moving between counterpublics and the wider web”. Gender, place & culture, v. 24, n. 11, pp. 1626-1641. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2017.1396204
  • Kuo, Linda; Perez-Garcia, Simone; Burke, Lindsey; Yamasaki, Vic; Le, Thomas (2022). “Performance, fantasy, or narrative: LGBTQ+ Asian American identity through kpop media and fandom”. Journal of homosexuality, v. 69, n. 1, pp. 145-168. https://doi.org/10.1080/00918369.2020.1815428
  • Lily, Shangay (2016). Adiós, Chueca: Memorias del gaypitalismo, creando la marca gay. Madrid: Akal. ISBN: 978 84 94 52833 0
  • Linville, Darla; Carlson, David-Lee (2010). “Fashioning sexual selves: Examining the care of the self in urban adolescent sexuality and gender discourses”. Journal of LGBT youth, v. 7, n. 3, pp. 247-261. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2010.487775
  • López-de-Ayala, María-Cruz; Vizcaíno-Laorga, Ricardo; Montes-Vozmediano, Manuel (2020). “Hábitos y actitudes de los jóvenes ante las redes sociales: influencia del sexo, edad y clase social”. Profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 6, e290604. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.nov.04
  • Lozano-Blasco, Raquel; Mira-Aladrén, Marta; Gil-Lamata, Mercedes (2023). “Social media influence on young people and children: Analysis on Instagram, Twitter and YouTube”. Comunicar, n. 74, pp. 125-137. https://doi.org/10.3916/C74-2023-10
  • Lucero, Leanna (2017). “Safe spaces in online places: social media and LGBTQ youth”. Multicultural education review, v. 9, n. 2, pp. 117-128. https://doi.org/10.1080/2005615X.2017.1313482
  • McInroy, Lauren B.; Craig, Shelley L. (2017). “Perspectives of LGBTQ emerging adults on the depiction and impact of LGBTQ media representation”. Journal of youth studies, v. 20, n. 1, pp. 32-46. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2016.1184243
  • McInroy, Lauren B.; Craig, Shelley L. (2018). “Online fandom, identity milestones, and self-identification of sexual/gender minority youth”. Journal of LGBT youth, v. 15, n. 3, pp. 179-196. https://doi.org/10.1080/19361653.2018.1459220
  • Medhat, Walaa; Hassan, Ahmed; Korashy, Hoda (2014). “Sentiment analysis algorithms and applications: A survey”. Ain shams engineering journal, v. 5, n. 4, pp. 1093-1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2014.04.011
  • Messner, Michael A. (2016). “Forks in the road of men’s gender politics: Men’s rights vs feminist allies”. International journal for crime, justice and social democracy, v. 5, n. 2, pp. 6-20. https://doi.org/10.5204/ijcjsd.v5i2.301
  • Núñez-Puente, Sonia; D’Antonio-Maceiras, Sergio; Fernández-Romero, Diana (2021). “Twitter activism and ethical witnessing: Possibilities and challenges of feminist politics against gender-based violence”. Social science computer review, v. 39, n. 2, pp. 295-311. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439319864898
  • Pérez-Jorge, David; Farina-Hernández, Liliana; Márquez-Domínguez, Yolanda; Rodríguez-Jiménez, María-del-Carmen; Lupson, Kathryn-Bernadette (2020). “Knowledge and perception of trainee teachers towards the LGBTQ+ community”. International journal of educational and practice, v. 8, n. 2, pp. 207-220. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.61.2020.82.207.220
  • Pittman, Matthew; Reich, Brandon (2016). “Social media and loneliness: Why an Instagram picture may be worth more than a thousand Twitter words”. Computers in human behavior, v. 62, pp. 155-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.084
  • Rädiker, Stefan; Kuckartz, Udo (2020). Análisis de datos cualitativos con MAXQDA: Texto, audio, video. Berlín: Maxqda Press. ISBN: 978 3 948768003 https://doi.org/10.36192/978-3-948768003
  • Reid, Emma; Katherine, Duffy (2018). “A netnographic sensibility: developing the netnographic/social listening boundaries”. Journal of marketing management, v. 34, n. 3-4, pp. 263-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/0267257X.2018.1450282
  • Stewart, Margaret C.; Arnold, Christa L. (2018). “Defining social listening: Recognizing an emerging dimension of listening”. International journal of listening, v. 32, n. 2, pp. 85-100. https://doi.org/10.1080/10904018.2017.1330656
  • Strand, Cecilia; Svensson, Jakob (2021). Disinformation campaigns about LGBTI+ people in the EU and foreign influence. European Parliament Directorate-General for External Policies. https://bit.ly/3V9E0nk
  • Wagner, William E. (2019). Using IBM® SPSS® statistics for research methods and social science statistics. Los Angeles: Sage. ISBN: 978 1 506 33172 0
  • Weimann, Gabriel; Masri, Natalie (2020). “Research note: Spreading hate on TikTok”. Studies in conflict & terrorism. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1780027
  • Zamora, Rocío; Gómez-García, Salvador; Martínez-Martínez, Helena (2021). “Los memes políticos como recurso persuasivo online. Análisis de su impacto durante los debates electorales de 2019 en España”. Opinión pública, n. 27, pp. 681-704. https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-01912021272681
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet