Radiografía de la pandemiaanálisis de la cobertura periodística de la Covid-19 en portadas de periódicos

  1. Juan-Ignacio Cantero-de-Julián 1
  2. Pavel Sidorenko-Bautista 2
  3. José-María Herranz-de-la-Casa 1
  1. 1 Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
    info

    Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha

    Ciudad Real, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05r78ng12

  2. 2 Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
    info

    Universidad Francisco de Vitoria

    Pozuelo de Alarcón, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03ha64j07

Revista:
El profesional de la información

ISSN: 1386-6710 1699-2407

Any de publicació: 2020

Títol de l'exemplar: Pluralismo informativo

Volum: 29

Número: 5

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.3145/EPI.2020.SEP.23 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccés obert editor

Altres publicacions en: El profesional de la información

Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible

Resum

Covid-19 has resulted in a totally extraordinary and anomalous situation. This new coronavirus became a global phenome-non after the declaration of a pandemic state, which affects all fields: health, economic, social, scientific, environmental, etc. This health emergency affects many different levels and actors, including media and journalism. As far as news covera-ge is concerned, the front page of the press represents a relevant object of study from a journalistic, as well as sociological and historiographical, point of view. The front page plays an important temporary explanatory role, especially during an event as disruptive as the pandemic. It offers the possibility to take a “snapshot” of the coverage of an ongoing event. The aim of this research is to analyze the coverage of the new coronavirus and its evolution throughout the first quarter of 2020. To answer these questions, a thematic content analysis of 630 front pages of seven Spanish national generalist newspapers (El país, El mundo, ABC, La razón, La vanguardia, El periódico, and El correo) was carried out. The results indicated that information about the virus increased progressively as the epidemic approached the Spanish borders. The coverage in the Spanish newspapers was highly homogeneous, although some differences can be found, mainly due to editorial trends and regional or national perspectives. The pattern of the analyzed samples is characterized by the current diagnosis of the pandemic, highly focused on the definition of the problem and the proposal of health solutions.

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • AIMC (2020). Resumen de la primera oleada del Estudio general de medios 2020. Asociación para la Investigación de Medios de Comunicación (AIMC).mhttps://www.aimc.es/blog/entrega-resultados-egm-1a-ola-2020
  • Bardin, Laurence (2002). El análisis de contenido. Madrid: Akal. ISBN: 978 84 76000939
  • Bryant, Jennings; Miron, Dorina (2004). “Theory and research in mass communication”. Journal of communication, v. 54, n. 4, pp. 662-704. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2004.tb02650.x
  • Canales, Laura; Lizárraga, Frambel (2019). “La agenda mediática sobre inmigración en las portadas de El universal, La jornada y La opinión durante la administración de Donald Trump”. Interdisciplina, v. 7, n. 18, pp. 149-165. https://doi.org/10.22201/ceiich.24485705e.2019.18.68978
  • Cantrell-Rosas-Moreno, Tania; Harp, Dustin; Bachmann, Ingrid (2013). “Encuadre de ideologías: Cómo la revista Time representa el nacionalismo y las identidades en sus portadas”. Comunicación y sociedad, v. 26, n. 3, pp. 1-20. https://revistas.unav.edu/index.php/communication-and-society/article/view/36075
  • Casero-Ripollés, Andreu (2020). “Impact of Covid-19 on the media system. Communicative and democratic consequences of news consumption during the outbreak”. El profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 2, e290223. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.mar.23
  • D’Angelo, Paul (2002). “News framing as a multiparadigmatic research program: A response to Entman”. International Communication Association, v. 52, n. 4, pp. 870-888. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2002.tb02578.x
  • De-Vreese, Claes H. (2005). “News framing: Theory and typology”. Information design journal + document design, v. 13, n. 1, pp. 51-62. https://claesdevreese.files.wordpress.com/2015/09/devreese_2005_2.pdf
  • Donohue, Thomas R.; Glasser, Theodore L. (1978). “Homogeneity in coverage of Connecticut newspapers”. Journalism quarterly, v. 55, n. 3, pp. 592-595. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769907805500328
  • Eilders, Christiane; Lüter, Albrecht (2000). “Research note: Germany at war. Competing framing strategies in German public discourse”. European journal of communication, v. 3 n. 15, pp. 415-428. https://doi.org/10.1177/0267323100015003009
  • Entman, Robert M. (1993). “Framing: toward clarification of a fractured paradigm”. Journal of communication, v. 43, n. 4, pp. 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x
  • European Commission (2017). Media use in the European Union. Standard Eurobarometer 88. Brussels: European Commission. ISBN: 978 92 79 80983 5 https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/a575c1c9-58b6-11e8-ab41-01aa75ed71a1
  • Faridah, Ibrahim; Normah, Mustaffa; Chang, Peng (2010). “Framing a pandemic: Analysis of Malaysian mainstream newspapers in the H1NI coverage”. Journal of media and information warfare, v. 3, pp. 105-122. http://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/10948
  • Farré-Coma, Jordi (2005). “Comunicación del riesgo y espirales del miedo”. Comunicación y sociedad, v. 2, n. 3, pp. 95-119. https://www.doi.org/10.32870/cys.v0i3.4209
  • Flick, Uwe (2004). Introducción a la investigación cualitativa. Madrid: Morata. ISBN: 978 84 71124807
  • Gitlin, Todd (1980). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and unmaking of the new left. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN: 978 0 520239326
  • Hallin, Daniel C.; Briggs, Charles L.; Mantini-Briggs, Clara; Spinelli, Hugo; Sy, Anahi (2020). “Mediatización de las pandemias: la cobertura sobre la pandemia de la gripe A (H1N1) de 2009 en Argentina, Estados Unidos y Venezuela”. Comunicación y sociedad, v. 17, pp. 1-24. https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v2020.7207
  • Havas Media Group España (2020). Impacto del coronavirus en hábitos y medios. Madrid: Havas Group. https://bit.ly/2zOcOFO
  • Herranz-de-la-Casa, José-María; Cantero-de-Julián, Juan-Ignacio (2019). “El tratamiento informativo de los colectivos vulnerables en los medios de comunicación. ¿Veracidad, desinformación o estereotipos?”. En: Gómez-Cirano, Emilio-José (coord.). Imagen, estigma y derechos humanos: Claves para abordar la vulnerabilidad y la exclusión desde el trabajo social y la comunicación, pp. 29-62. Tirant lo Blanch. ISBN: 978 84 1336 512 1
  • Hornmoen, Harald; Backholm, Klas (2018). Social media use in crisis and risk communication: Emergencies, concerns and awareness. Londres: Emerald Group Publishing. ISBN: 978 1 787562721.
  • Idoyaga, Nahia; Valencia, José-Francisco; Gil-de-Montes, Lorena; Ortiz, Garbiñe (2012). “Efectos del framing y representaciones sociales de epidemias sanitarias: el caso de la gripe A”. Escritos de psicología, v. 5, n. 3, pp. 31-42. https://doi.org/10.5231/psy.writ.2012.0211
  • Igartua-Perosanz, Juan-José; Humanes, María Luisa (2004). Teoría e investigación en comunicación social. Madrid: Síntesis. ISBN: 84 9756 226 7
  • Koziner, Nadia S. (2013). “Antecedentes y fundamentos de la teoría del framing en comunicación”. Austral comunicación, v. 2, n. 1, pp. 1-25. https://doi.org/10.26422/aucom.2013.0201.koz
  • Krippendorff, Klaus H. (2002). Metodología del análisis de contenido. Teoría y práctica. Barcelona: Paidós. ISBN: 978 84 75096278
  • Krippendorff, Klaus H. (2004). Content analysis: An introduction to its methodology. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Sage. ISBN: 978 0 761915447
  • Lecheler, Sophie; De-Vreese, Claes H. (2012). “News framing and public opinion: A mediation analysis of framing effects on political attitudes”. Journalism & mass communication quarterly, v. 89, n. 2, pp. 185-204. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077699011430064
  • López-Rabadán, Pablo (2010). “Nuevas vías para el estudio del framing periodístico. La noción de estrategia de encuadre”. Estudios sobre el mensaje periodístico, v. 16, pp. 235-258. https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/ESMP/article/view/ESMP1010110235A
  • López-Rabadán, Pablo; Casero-Ripollés, Andreu (2014). “La información periodística de portada en España: evolución histórica de fuentes, agendas y encuadres (1980-2010)”. Historia y comunicación social, v. 19, n. 1, pp. 457-473. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_hics.2014.v19.44977
  • Lubens, Pauline (2015). “Journalists and public health professionals: Challenges of a symbiotic relationship”. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, v. 9, n. 1, pp. 59-63. https://doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2014.127
  • Major, Ann M.; Atwood, L. Erwin (2004). “Environmental risks in the news: Issues, sources, problems and values”. Public understanding of science, v. 13, n. 3, pp. 295-308. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662504044557
  • Masip, Pere; Aran-Ramspott, Sue; Ruiz-Caballero, Carlos; Suau, Jaume; Almenar, Ester; Puertas-Graell, David (2020). “Consumo informativo y cobertura mediática durante el confinamiento por el Covid-19: sobreinformación, sesgo ideológico y sensacionalismo”. El profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 3, e290312. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.may.12
  • Matthes, Jörg (2012). “Framing politics: An integrative approach”. American behavioral scientist, v. 56, n. 3, pp. 247-259. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002764211426324
  • McCombs, Maxwell E. (2005). “A look at agenda-setting: Past, present and future”. Journalism studies, v. 6, n. 4, pp. 543-557. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616700500250438
  • McCombs, Maxwell E.; Shaw, Donald L. (1972). “The agenda-setting function of the mass media”. Public opinion quarterly, v. 36, n. 2, pp. 176-187. https://doi.org/10.1086/267990
  • Meisner, Mark S.; Takahashi, Bruno (2013). “The nature of Time: How the covers of the world’s most widely read weekly news magazine visualize environmental affairs”. Environmental communication, v. 7, n. 2, pp. 255-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2013.772908
  • Muñiz, Carlos (2015). “La política como debate temático o estratégico. Framing de la campaña electoral mexicana de 2012 en la prensa digital”. Comunicación y sociedad, v. 12, n. 23, pp. 67-95. https://doi.org/10.32870/cys.v0i23.64
  • Muñiz, Carlos; Campos-Domínguez, Eva; Saldierna, Alma-Rosa; Dader, José-Luis (2019). “Engagement of politicians and citizens in the cyber campaign on Facebook: a comparative analysis between Mexico and Spain”. Contemporary social science, v. 14, n. 1, pp. 102-113. https://doi.org/10.1080/21582041.2017.1367832
  • Nielsen, Rasmus-Kleis; Fletcher, Richard; Newman, Nic; Brennen, J. Scott; Howard, Philip N. (2020). Navigating the ‘infodemic’: How people in six countries access and rate news and information about coronavirus. UK: The Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism & University of Oxford. ISBN: 978 1 907384745 https://bit.ly/2SNhNN3
  • Niemeyer, Katharina (2019). “The front page as a time freezer: An analysis of the international newspaper coverage after the Charlie Hebdo attacks”. Media, war & conflict, v. 12, n. 2, pp. 187-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/1750635219839378
  • Nogales-Bocio, Antonia-Isabel; Mancinas-Chávez, Rosalba (2014). “Los diarios de referencia en el mercado de la prensa española. Propiedad, grupos mediáticos y conexiones estructurales”. Correspondencias y análisis, n. 4, pp. 307-333. http://hdl.handle.net/11441/32644
  • Park, Sejin; Boatwright, Brandon; Avery, Elizabeth-Johnson (2019). “Information channel preference in health crisis: Exploring the roles of perceived risk, preparedness, knowledge, and intent to follow directives”. Public relations review, v. 45, n. 5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2019.05.015
  • Pérez-Curiel, Concha; Jiménez-Marín, Gloria; García-Medina, Irene (2020). “Influencia de agendas y estudio de framing en el marco electoral del Procés de Cataluña”. Revista latina de comunicación social, v. 75, pp. 27-51. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2020-1415
  • Peris-Vidal, Manuel (2018). “El tratamiento periodístico del partido político Podemos en El País y Público: un análisis desde la teoría del framing”. Vivat academia, n. 143, pp. 111-134. https://doi.org/10.15178/va.2018.143.111-134
  • Peterson, Tarla R.; Thompson, Jessica L. (2009). “Environmental risk communication: Responding to challenges of complexity and uncertainty”. In: Heath, Robert L.; O’Hai, H. Dan (eds.). Handbook of risk and crisis communication. NY: Routledge, pp. 591-606. ISBN: 978 0 805857771
  • Reese, Stephen D. (2001). “Framing public life: A bridging model for media research”. In: Reese, Stephen D.; Gandy, Oscar H.; Grant, August E. (eds.). Framing public life: Perspectives on media and our understanding of the social world. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 7-32. ISBN: 0 8058 36535
  • Riffe, Daniel; Shaw, Eugene F. (1982). “Conflict and consonance: Coverage of third world in two US papers”. Journalism quarterly, v. 59, n. 4, pp. 617-626. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769908205900414
  • Rodero, Emma (2020). “Radio: the medium that best copes in crises. Listening habits, consumption, and perception of radio listeners during the lockdown by the Covid-19”. El profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 3, e290306. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.may.06
  • Rojas-Torrijos, José-Luis; Jimeno-López, Miguel-Ángel (2019). “La presencia de las mujeres deportistas en la prensa regional en España. Un análisis de la fotografía de portada”. Communication papers, v. 8, n. 16, pp. 33-33. https://doi.org/10.33115/udg_bib/cp.v8i16.22357
  • Sánchez-Aranda, José-Javier (2005). “Análisis de contenido cuantitativo de medios”. En: Berganza-Conde, María-Rosa; Ruiz-San-Román, José A. (coords.). Investigar en comunicación. Guía práctica de métodos y técnicas de investigación social en Comunicación. Madrid: McGraw Hill, pp. 207-228. ISBN: 84 481 9825 5
  • Scheufele, Bertram (2004). “Framing-effects approach: A theoretical and methodological critique”. The European journal of communication research, v. 24, n. 4, pp. 401-428. https://doi.org/10.1515/comm.2004.29.4.401
  • Semetko, Holli A.; Valkenburg, Patti M. (2000). “Framing European politics: A content analysis of press and television news”. Journal of communication, v. 50, n. 2, pp. 93-109. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02843.x
  • Shaw, Donald L.; Martin, Shannon E. (1992). “The function of mass media agenda setting”. Journalism quarterly, v. 69, n. 4, pp. 902-920. https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909206900410
  • Smith, Katherine C.; Rimal, Rajiv N.; Sandberg, Helena; Storey, John D.; Lagasse, Lisa; Maulsby, Catherine; Rhoades, Elizabeth; Barnett, Daniel J.; Omer, Saad B.; Links, Jonathan M. (2013). “Understanding newsworthiness of an emerging pandemic: International newspaper coverage of the H1N1 outbreak”. Influenza and other respiratory viruses, v. 7, n. 5, pp. 847-853. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.12073
  • Van-Gorp, Baldwin (2007). “The constructionist approach to framing: Bringing culture back in”. Journal of communication, v. 57, n. 1, pp. 60-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00329_3.x
  • Weaver, David H. (2007). “Thoughts on agenda setting, framing, and priming”. Journal of communication, v. 57, n. 1, pp. 142-147. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00333.x
  • Wimmer, Roger D.; Dominick, Joseph R. (1996). La investigación científica de los medios de comunicación. Una introducción a sus métodos. Bosch. ISBN: 978 84 76763599