The Spatio-Temporal Distribution of Suicide-related Emergency Calls in a European CityAge and Gender Patterns, and Neighborhood Influences

  1. Miriam Marco
  2. Antonio López Quílez
  3. Francisco Sánchez Sáez
  4. Pablo Escobar Hernández 1
  5. María Montagud Andrés 2
  6. Mª Soledad Lila Murillo
  7. Enrique Gracia
  1. 1 Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa, Universidad de Valencia
  2. 2 Departamento de Psicología Social, Universidad de Valencia
Revue:
Psychosocial Intervention

ISSN: 1132-0559

Année de publication: 2024

Volumen: 33

Número: 2

Pages: 103-115

Type: Article

DOI: 10.5093/PI2024A8 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccès ouvert editor

D'autres publications dans: Psychosocial Intervention

Résumé

Objective: The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive spatio-temporal analysis of suicide-related emergency calls in the city of Valencia (Spain) over a six-year period. To this end we first examined age and gender patterns and, second, the influence of neighborhood characteristics on general and gender-specific spatio-temporal patterns of suicide-related emergency calls. Method: Geocoded data on suicide-related emergency calls between 2017 and 2022 (N = 10,030) were collected from the 112 emergency service in Valencia. Data were aggregated at the census block group level, used as a proxy for neighborhoods, and trimesters were considered as the temporal unit. Two set of analyses were performed: (1) demographic (age and gender) and temporal descriptive analyses and (2) general and gender-specific Bayesian spatio-temporal autoregressive models. Results: Descriptive analyses revealed a higher incidence of suicide-related emergency calls among females and an increase in calls among the 18-23 age group from 2020 onwards. The general spatio-temporal model showed higher levels of suicide-related emergency calls in neighborhoods characterized by lower education levels and population density, and higher residential mobility, aging population, and immigrant concentration. Relevant gender differences were also observed. A seasonal effect was noted, with a peak in calls during spring for females and summer for males. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need for comprehensive mental health targeted interventions and preventive strategies that account for gender-specific disparities, age-related vulnerabilities, and the specific characteristics of neighborhoods.

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