How do psychological characteristics influence the sports performance of men and women?A study in school sports

  1. Enrique Fradejas Medrano 1
  2. María Espada Mateos 2
  1. 1 Universidad Internacional de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad Internacional de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/029gnnp81

  2. 2 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03n6nwv02

Aldizkaria:
Journal of Human Sport and Exercise: JHSE

ISSN: 1988-5202

Argitalpen urtea: 2018

Alea: 13

Zenbakia: 4

Orrialdeak: 858-872

Mota: Artikulua

DOI: 10.14198/JHSE.2018.134.13 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openRUA editor

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Journal of Human Sport and Exercise: JHSE

Garapen Iraunkorreko Helburuak

Laburpena

This study evaluates the psychological characteristics in sports performance according to gender and sports modality practiced in school sports. In addition, the possible correlations between the variables of the questionnaire of Psychological Characteristics related to Sports Performance (CPRD) (Gimeno, Buceta & Pérez-Llantada, 1994) are determined. in men and in women. The research follows a quantitative methodology of descriptive cut, through the survey. The sample size is 816 young athletes between 12 and 18 years old (411 men and 405 women), who practice different individual and collective sports in the Spanish region of Castilla-La Mancha. The results show statistically significant differences in the psychological characteristics of stress control and influence of performance evaluation, in which men obtain higher scores than women. Besides, the results show, in relation to the psychological characteristics of the men and the practiced sport modality, that there are statistically significant differences in the dimensions Mental Ability and Team Cohesion. Finding these differences of Mental Ability between men who practice Football (lower scores) and those who practice Swimming and Athletics (higher scores). Regarding the differences in Team Cohesion, they are among male sportsmen who practice Football (lower scores) and those who practice Volleyball (higher scores). However, the results show, that there are no statistically significant differences between the sports modality practiced and the female gender. Prevention measures are needed by coaches / educators, parents and young athletes, in order to strengthen their levels of self-confidence, and simultaneously reduce stress levels generated in sport at school age, to ensure an improvement in sports performance.

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Abma, C. L., Fry, M. D., Li, Y. & Relyea, G. (2002). Differences in imagery content and imagery ability between high and low confident track and field athletes. J. Appl. Sport Psychol., 14, 67-75. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413200252907743
  • Arribas-Galarraga, S., Saies, E., Cecchini, J. A., Arruza, J. A. & Luis-De-Cos, I. (2017). The relationship between emotional intelligence, self-determined motivation and performance in canoeists. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 12(3), 630-639. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2017.123.07
  • Arvinen, M., Weigand, D. A., Hemmings, B. & Walley, M. (2008). The use of imagery across competitive levels and time of season: A cross-sectional study among synchronized skaters in Finland. Eur. J. Sport Sci., 8, 135-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390801987968
  • Beauchamp, M., Bray, S. & Albinson, J. (2002). Pre-competitive imagery, self-efficacy and performance in collegiate golfers. J. Sport Sci., 20, 697-705. https://doi.org/10.1080/026404102320219400
  • Bulbule, S. M. & Kannur, N. G. (2014). A comparative study of sports competitive anxiety, among baseball players. Golden Res. Thoughts, 8(3), 1-2.
  • Caputo, E. L., Rombaldi, A. J. & Da Silva, M. C. (2017). Sintomas de estresse pré-competitivo em atletas adolescentes de handebol [Symptoms of pre-competitive stress in adolescent handball athletes]. Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Esporte, 39(1), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2016.01.006
  • Cea D’Ancona, M. A. (2001). Metodología cuantitativa. Estrategias y técnicas de investigación social [Quantitative methodology. Strategies and techniques of social research]. Madrid: Síntesis.
  • Cruz, J. (2014). El Deporte de iniciación [The initiation sport]. Comunicación presentada en la Conferencia correspondiente a las XVII Jornadas de Actualización en Psicología del Deporte. Madrid: UNED.
  • Dale, G. A. (2000). Distractions and coping strategies of elite decathletes during their most memorable performances. Sport Psychol., 14, 17-41. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.14.1.17
  • Freitas, S. P., Dias, C. S. & Fonseca, A. M. (2013). Elite Portuguese Soccer Players' Use of Psychological Techniques: Where, when and why. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 8(3), 847-860. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2013.83.10
  • Gimeno, F. & Buceta, J. M. (2010). Evaluación psicológica en el deporte. El cuestionario CPRD [Psychological evaluation in sport. The CPRD questionnaire]. Madrid: Dykinson.
  • Gimeno, F., Buceta, J. M. & Pérez-Llantada, M. C. (1994). El cuestionario de Características Psicológicas relacionadas con el Rendimiento Deportivo (CPRD): Características psicométricas [The Psychological Characteristics Questionnaire related to sports performance (CPRD): Psychometric characteristics]. En A. López de la Llave, M. C. Pérez-Llantada y J. M. Buceta (Eds.), Investigaciones breves en psicología del deporte (pp. 65-76). Madrid: Dykinson.
  • González, G., Campos, M. C. & Romero, S. (2014). Análisis de la influencia de la evaluación del rendimiento en jugadores de un equipo de fútbol [Analysis of the influence of performance evaluation on players of a football team]. Retos. Nuevas tendencias en Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 25, 85-89.
  • Gregg, M., Hall, C. & Hanton, S. (2007). Perceived effectiveness of heptathletes mental imagery. J. Sport Behav., 30, 398-414.
  • Halbrook, M., Blom, L. C., Hurley, K., Bell, R. J. & Holden, J. E. (2012). Relationships among motivation, gender, and cohesion in a sample of collegiate athletes. J. Sport Behav., 35(1), 61-77.
  • Kizildag, E. & Tiryaki, M. S. (2012). Imagery use of athletes in individual and team sports that require open and closed skill. Percept. Mot. Skills., 114(3), 748-756. https://doi.org/10.2466/05.20.22.PMS.114.3.748-756
  • Knowles, A. M., Niven, A. & Fawkner, S. (2013). 'Once upon a time I used to be active'. Adopting a narrative approach to understanding physical activity behaviour in adolescent girls. Qual. Res. Sport, Exerc. Health, 6(1), 62-76. https://doi.org/10.1080/2159676X.2013.766816
  • Linder, S. M., Grabe, S. & Hyde, J. S. (2007). Gender, pubertal development, and peer sexual harassment predict objectified body consciousness in early adolescence. J. Res. Adolesc., 17(4), 723-742. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2007.00544.x
  • Losada, E., Rocha, D. C. & Castillo, L. (2012). Relación entre cohesión y liderazgo en equipos deportivos del departamento de Boyacá-Colombia [ Relationship between cohesion and leadership in sports teams in the department of Boyacá-Colombia]. Cuadernos Psicol. Deporte, 12(1), 33-44. https://doi.org/10.4321/S1578-84232012000100004
  • Lussier, R. N. & Kimball, D. C. (2008). Applied sport management skills. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics. Mahoney, M. J., Gabriel, T. J. & Perkins, T. S. (1987). Psychological skills and exceptional athletic performance. Sport Psychol., 1(3), 181-199. https://doi.org/10.1123/tsp.1.3.181
  • Munroe, K., Hall, C., Fishburne, G. J. & Shannon, V. (2005). Using cognitive general imagery to improve soccer strategies. Eur. J. Sport Sci., 5, 41-49. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461390500076592
  • Navlet, M. R. (2012). Ansiedad, estrés y estrategias de afrontamiento en el ámbito deportivo: Un estudio centrado en la diferencia entre deportes [Anxiety, stress and coping strategies in sports: A study focused on the difference between sports]. Disertación doctoral, Universidad Complutense, Madrid
  • Nogueira, L., Novellino, R., Menezes, G. & Ugrinowitsch, H. (2017). Difficult group goal improves serve reception of experienced volleyball players. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 12(2), 276-285. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2017.122.04
  • Nunnally, J. C. (1978). Psychometric theory. Nueva York: McGraw-Hill. O'Brien, M., Hanton, S. & Mellalieu, S. (2003). Individual differences, perceived control and competitive trait anxiety. J. Sport Sci., 22, 355-356.
  • Pozos, B. E., Preciado, M. L., Acosta, M., Aguilera, M. A. & Delgado, D. D. (2014). Academic stress as a predictor of chronic stress in university students. Psicol. Educat., 20, 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pse.2014.05.006
  • Raiola, G. (2010). Tactical choice of volleyball central blocker at the opposing attacks with the help of bodily. Communication in Scientific Report Series Physical Education and Sport 1/2010, Pitesti.
  • Rial, A., Marsilla, S., Isorna, M. & Louro, A. (2013). Recomendaciones para el apoyo psicológico a jóvenes deportistas en los centros de alto rendimiento [Recommendations for psychological support to young athletes in high performance centers]. RICYDE. Rev. Int. Cien. Deporte, 33(9), 252-268. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2013.03304
  • Roveran, L. A. & Altmann, H. (2016). Educacão física escolar e relacões de gênero: diferentes modos de participar e arriscarse nos conteúdos de aula [School physical education and gender relations: different ways of participating and risking classroom content]. Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Esporte, 38(2), 163- 170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbce.2015.11.006
  • Ruiz, R. & Lorenzo, O. (2008). Características psicológicas en los jugadores de pádel de alto rendimiento [Psychological characteristics in high performance paddle players]. Rev. Iberoamericana Psicol. Ejercicio Deporte, 3(2), 183-200.
  • Short, S. E., Tenute, A. & Feltz, D. L. (2005). Imagery use in sport: Mediational effects for efficacy. J. Sport Sci., 23, 951-960. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410400023373
  • Singh, M. N., Rahaman, A. & Singh, K. M. (2013). A comparative study of sports competition anxiety between male and female inter-collegiate badminton players of Manipur. Indian Streams Res. J., 9(3), 1-2. Recuperado el 10 de septiembre de 2016 de http://www.isrj.net Ujwala, K. & Jigmat, D. (2011). Comparative study of sports competitive anxiety, among state level baseball players. Int. Referred Res. J., 34(3), 9-10.
  • Vadocz, E. A., Hall, C. R. & Moritz, S. E. (1997). The relationship between competitive anxiety and imagery use. J. Appl. Sport Psychol., 9, 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/10413209708406485
  • Weinberg, R. & Gould, D. (2011). Foundations of sport and exercise psychology (5th ed.). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
  • Zetou, E., Vernadakis, N., Bebetsos, E. & Makraki, E. (2012). The effect of self-talk in learning the volleyball service skill and self-efficacy improvement. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 7(4), 794-805. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.74.07
Datuen iturria: Dialnet