Does TikTok allow quality debate? A case study on poverty

  1. María-Antonia Paz-Rebollo 1
  2. Ana Mayagoitia-Soria 1
  3. Juan-Manuel González-Aguilar 2
  1. 1 Univ. Complutense de Madrid
  2. 2 Univ. Internacional de la Rioja
Revue:
Comunicación y sociedad = Communication & Society

ISSN: 2386-7876

Année de publication: 2023

Volumen: 36

Número: 4

Pages: 83-97

Type: Article

DOI: 10.15581/003.36.4.83-97 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccès ouvert editor

D'autres publications dans: Comunicación y sociedad = Communication & Society

Objectifs de Développement Durable

Résumé

Este artículo analiza si las características de TikTok permiten debates significativos y cómo se realizan. Para ello se utiliza un caso de estudio: las conversaciones de los usuarios sobre las personas en riesgo de exclusión social en un contexto, el de la pandemia y la crisis económica, en el que se han incrementado las privaciones en los países en desarrollo. Se examinan 100 vídeos publicados en España y producidos desde 2020 con este tema, así como 38.462 comentarios. Se aplica un análisis de contenido a los vídeos que incluye características temáticas, técnicas y de estilo; y un análisis textual a los comentarios en el que se tiene en cuenta la dimensión autoral y conversacional. Se concluye que la estructura de TikTok no permite un debate de calidad en este caso de estudio, porque los vídeos ofrecen una visión episódica de los temas, porque los usuarios intervienen, de media, una vez y lo hacen para expresar una opinión basada en experiencias propias o en prejuicios existentes, y porque el debate se enturbia, en este tema concreto, por la existencia de un enfrentamiento generacional. El enjuiciamiento conduce a posturas que generan mensajes crueles, tanto en forma de consejos como en expresiones de humor. El análisis permite afirmar que, en la opinión evidenciada en esta plataforma, existe un fuerte sentimiento de aporofobia. Conviene por ello recomendar la inclusión de este colectivo entre los grupos protegidos en las normas de esta comunidad.

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