Merenptah y los Pueblos del Mar. La victoria de Perire en su contexto internacional

  1. Pérez Largacha, Antonio 1
  1. 1 Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR). Grupo de investigación GRIHAL
Revista:
Studia historica. Historia antigua

ISSN: 0213-2052

Any de publicació: 2022

Número: 40

Pàgines: 25-52

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.14201/SHHA2022402552 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccés obert editor

Altres publicacions en: Studia historica. Historia antigua

Resum

Merenptah’s victory at the battle of Perire against a coalition of Libyans and Sea Peoples marks the beginning of an era when Egypt’s history began to have to defend its own geographical boundaries. In the same year a rebellion took place in Nubia and Merenptah carried out a campaign in Canaan. Possibly coordinated attacks that have been studied individually, these campaigns of Merenptah must be understood within the framework of the political, economic, and military changes that took place in the last decades of the thirteenth century BC., in the ethnogenesis of the Peoples of the Sea.

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • Artzy, Michak. «Nomads of the Sea». En Res Maritimae: Cyprus and the Eastern Mediterranean from Prehistory to Late Antiquity (ASOR Archaeological Reports 4), editado por Stuart Swiny, Robert Hohlfelder y Helena Wilde, 1-16. Atlanta, 1997.
  • Bachhuber, Christoph y Gareth Roberts, eds. Forces of Transformation. The End of the Bronce Age in the Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxbow books, 2009.
  • Beckman, Gary, Trevor Bryce y Eric Cline, eds. The Ahhiyawa Texts. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2011.
  • Bernabé, Alberto y Juan Antonio Álvarez-Pedrosa. Historia y leyes de los hititas. Textos del Reino Medio y del Imperio Nuevo. Madrid: Akal, 2004.
  • Bietak, Manfred. «War Bates Island bei Marsa Matruth ein Piratennest? Ein Beitrag zur frühen Geschichte der Seevölker». En Polymatheia. Festschrift für Hartmut Matthäus, editado por Stefanie Nawracala y H. Matthäus, 29-42. Berlín: Shaker Verlag, 2015.
  • Bietak, Manfred y Reinhard Jung. «Pharaohs, Swords and Sea Peoples». Archaeology & History in the Lebanon 26-27 (2007-08): 211-233.
  • Boyes, Philip. «Negotiating Imperialism and Resistance in Late Bronze Age Ugarit: the rise of Alphabetic Cuneiform». Cambridge Archaeological Journal 29.2 (2018): 185-199.
  • Bruce, Larry. «The Merentah Stele and the Biblical Origins of Israel». Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society 62.3 (2019): 463-493.
  • Bryce, Trevor. The Kingdom of the Hittite, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Bryce, Trevor. «The Hittite deal with the Hiyawamen». En Pax Hethetica: Studies on the Hittites and their Neighbours in Honour of Itamar Singer,editado porYaram Cohen et al., 47-53. Weisbaden: Harrassowitz, 2010.
  • Candelora, Danielle. «Hybrid Military Communities of Practice: the integration as the Catalyst for Egyptian social transformation in the 2ndMillennium BC». En A Stranger in the House. The Crossroads III, editado por Jana Mynárová et al., 25-47. Praga: Charles University, 2019.
  • Carpenter, Rhys. Discontinuity in Greek Civilization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.
  • Catling, H. W. «Late Minoan Vases and Bronzes in Oxford». Annual of the British School at Athens 63 (1968): 89-131.
  • Cifola, Barbara. «Ramses III and the Sea Peoples. A Structural Analysis of the Medinet Habu Inscriptions». Orientalia 57 (1988): 275-306.
  • Cline, Eric. «The Sea Peoples’ Possible Role in the Israelite Conquest of Canaan». En DORON. Studies in honour of Professor Spyros Iakovidis, editado por D. Danielidou, 191-198. Atenas, 1999.
  • Cline, Eric. «Preliminary Thoughts on Abundance vs. Scarcity in the Ancient World. Cooperation vs. Cooperation in Late Bronze Age Trade across the Aegean and Eastern Mediterranean». En Policies of exchange. Political Systems and Modes of Interaction in the Aegean and the Near East in the 2nd Milliemmium BCE, editado por Birgitta Eder y Regina Pruzsinszky, 207-217. Viena: Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2015.
  • Cline, Eric. 1177 a.C. El año en que la civilización se derrumbó. Barcelona: Crítica, 2015.
  • Darnell, John. Egypt and the Desert. Cambridge: Cambridge Elements. Ancient Egypt in Context, 2021.
  • Darnell, John y Colleen Manassa. Tutankhamun’s Armies: Battle and Conquest in Ancient Egypt’s Late 18th Dynasty. Hoboken: Wiley, 2007.
  • De Martino, Stefano. «The Fall of the Hittite Kingdom». Mesopotamia LIII (2018): 23-48.
  • Devecchi, Elena. «A Reluctant Servant: Ugarit under Foreign Rule during the Late Bronze Age». En A Stranger in the House. The Crossroads III, editado por Jana Mynárová et al., 121-135. Praga: Charles University, 2019.
  • Dothan, Trude y Moshe Dothan. People of the Sea: The Search for the Philistines. Nueva York: Macmillan, 1992.
  • Drews, Robert. The End of the Bronze Age: Changes in Warfare and the Catastrophe of ca. 1200 BC. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993.
  • Driessen, Jan, ed. An Archaeology of Forced Migration. Crisis-induced mobility and the Collapse of the 13th c. BCE Eastern Mediterranean(Aegis 15). Presses Universitaires de Louvain, 2018.
  • Emanuel, Jeffrey. «Differentiating Naval Warfare and Piracy in the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age Mediterranean: Possibility or Pipe Dream?». En Change, Continuity, and Connectivity North-Eastern Mediterranean at the turn of the Bronze Age and in the early Iron Age, editado por Lukasz Niesiołowski y Marek Węcowski, 68-80. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2018.
  • Emanuel, Jeffrey. «Sea Raiders in the Amarna Letters? The Men of Arwad and the Misi in Context». Altorientalische Forschungen 47.1 (2020): 1-14.
  • Emanuel, Jeffrey. Naval Warfare and Maritime Conflict in the Late Bronze and Early Iron Age Mediterranean (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 117). Leiden: Brill, 2021.
  • Finkelstein, Israel et al. «Egyptian Imperial Economy in Canaan: reaction to the climate crisis at the End of the Late Bronze Age». Ägypten und Levante 27 (2017): 249-259.
  • Finné, Martin et al. «Late Bronze Age climate change and the destruction of the Mycenaean Palace of Nestor at Pylos». PLoS ONE 12.12 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189447
  • Fischer, Peter y Teresa Bürge, eds. Sea Peoples’ Up-To-Date: New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th-11th Centuries BCE. Viena: Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2017.
  • Forstner-Müller, Irene. «Centre and Periphery. Some remarks on the Delta and its borders during the Ramesside Period». The Ramesside Period in Egypt, SDAIK 41 (2018): 103-112.
  • Glatz, Claudia. «Negotiating empire — a comparative investigation into the responses to Hittite imperialism by the vassal state of Ugarit and the Kaska peoples of the Anatolian Black Sea region». En Empires and Diversity: On the crossroads of archaeology, history and anthropology, editado por Gregory Areshian, 21-56. Los Ángeles: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology, 2013.
  • Glatz, Claudia y Roger Matthews. «Anthropology of a Frontier Zone: Hittite-Kaska Relations in Late Bronze Age North-Central Anatolia». Bulletin American Schools of Oriental Research 339 (2005): 47-65.
  • Güterbock, Hans. «The Hittite Conquest of Cyprus Reconsidered». Journal of Near Eastern Studies 6. 2 (1967): 73-81.
  • Hitchcoch, Louise y Aren Maeir. «Fifteen Men on a Dead Seren’s Chest: Yo Ho Ho and a Krater of Wine». En Context and Connection: Essays on the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East in Honour of Antonio Sagona(OLA 268), editado por Atilla Batmaz et al., 147-159. Leiden: Brill, 2017.
  • Hitchcock, Louise y Aren Maeir. «Pirates of the Crete-Aegean: Migration, Mobility, and Post-Palatial Realities at the End of the Bronze Age.». En Proceedings of the 12th International Conference of Cretan Studies, 1-12. Heraklion: Society of Cretan Historical Studies, 2018.
  • Hulin, Linda. «Pragmatic Technology and the Libyan Bronze Age». Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections 1.1 (2009): 18-21.
  • Hulin, Linda. «Marsa Matruh Revisited: Modelling Interaction at a Late Bronze Age Harbour on the Egyptian Coast», 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8ba7caca-71c3-446e-b9db-faa9ab51e182
  • Iskander, Sameh. «Merenptah’s Confrontations in the Western Desert and the Delta». En Offerings to the discerning eye. An Egyptological medley in honor of Jack A. Josephson (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 38),editado por Sue D’Auria, 187-194. Leiden: Brill, 2010.
  • Jung, Reinhard. «Push and Pull Factors of the Sea Peoples between Italy and the Levant». En An Archaeology of Forced Migration. Crisis-induced mobility and the Collapse of the 13th c. BCE Eastern Mediterranean(Aegis 15), editado por Jan Driessen, 273-306. Presses Universitaires de Louvain, 2018.
  • Kahn, Dan. «A Geo-Political and Historical perspective of Merneptah’s policy in Canaan». En The Ancient Near East in the 12th-10th Centuries BCE. Culture and History (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 392), editado por Gershon Galil et al., 255-268. Múnich: Ugarit-Verlag, 2012.
  • Kaniewski, David et al. «Environmental Roots of the Late Bronze Age Crisis». PLoS ONE 8(8) (2013). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0071004
  • Kaniewski, David et al. «Drought and societal collapse 3200 years ago in the Eastern Mediterranean: a review». WIREs Clim Change 2015. doi: 10.1002/wcc.345
  • Kaniewski, David y Elise van Campo. «The climatic context of the 3.2 kyr calBP event». En Sea Peoples’ Up-To-Date: New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th-11th Centuries BCE,editado porPeter Fischer y Teresa Bürge, 85-94. Viena: Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2017.
  • Karakaya, Daga y Simona Riehl. «Subsistence in Post-Collapse Societies: Patterns of Agroproduction from the Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age in the Northern Levant and Beyond». Archaeology & History in the Lebanon 50-51 (2019-20): 136-163.
  • Killebrew, Ann. «From Global to Glocal. Cultural Connectivity and Interactions between Cyprus and the Southern Levant during the tran-sitional Late Bronze and Early Iron Age». En Change, Continuity, and Connectivity North-Eastern Mediterranean at the turn of the Bronze Age and in the early Iron Age, editado por Lukasz Niesiołowski y Marek Węcowski, 81-94. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2018a.
  • Killebrew, Ann. «The Levant in Crisis. The Materiality of Migrants, Refugees and Colonizers at the End of the Bronze Age». En An Archaeology of Forced Migration. Crisis-induced mobility and the Collapse of the 13th c. BCE Eastern Mediterranean (Aegis 15), editado por Jan Driessen, 187-202. Presses Universitaires de Louvain, 2018b.
  • Killebrew, Ann. «Canaanite roots, Proto-Phoenicia and the Early Phoenician Period ca. 1300-1000 BCE». En The Oxford Handbook of the Phoenician and Punic Mediterranean, editado por Carolina López-Ruiz y Brian Doak, 39-56. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2019.
  • Kitchen, Kenneth. «The arrival of the Libyans in the Late New Kingdom». En Libya and Egypt c. 1300-750 B.C., editado por Anthony Leahy, 15-28. Londres: Society for Libyan Studies, 1990.
  • Kitchen, Kenneth. «The Victories of Merenptah, and the Nature of their Record». Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 28.3 (2004a): 259-272.
  • Kitchen, Kenneth. Ramesside Inscriptions Translated and Annotated. Oxford: Blackwell, 2004b.
  • Knapp, Bernard. «Piracy in the Late Bronze Age Eastern Mediterranean? A Cautionary Tale». En Nomads of the Mediterranean: Trade and Contact in the Bronze and Iron Ages. Studies in Honor of Michal Artzy (Culture and History of the Ancient Near East 112), editado por Gilboa, Ayelet y Assaf Yasur-Landau, 142-160. Leiden: Brill, 2020.
  • Knapp, Bernard. Migration Myths and the End of the Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean. Cambridge: Cambridge Elements. The Archaeology of Europe, 2021.
  • Knapp, Bernard y Sturn Manning. «Crisis in Context: The End of the Late Bronze Age in the Eastern Mediterranean». American Journal of Archaeology 120.1 (2016): 99-149.
  • Kopanias, Konstantinos. «Mercenaries or Refugees? The evidence from the Inscriptions of Merenptah on the Sea Peoples». Journal of Greek Archaeology 2 (2017): 119-134.
  • Kopanias, Konstantinos. «Deconstructing Achilles. The Stories about Piyamaradu and the Making of a Homeric Hero». En Studies in Honour of Jan Bouzek, editado por Peter Pavúk et al., 51-69. Praga: Charles University, 2018.
  • Kristiansen, Kristian. «Interpreting Bronze Age Trade and Migration». En Human Mobility and Technological Transfer in The Prehistoric Mediterranean, editado por Evangelia Kiriatzi y Carl Knappett, 154-181. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press, 2017.
  • Kristiansen, Kristian y Paulina Suchowska-Ducke. «Connected Histories: the Dynamics of Bronze Age Interaction and Trade 1500-1100 BC». Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 81 (2015): 361-392.
  • Lackenbacher, Silvie y Florence Malbran-Labat. Lettres en akkadien de la «Maison d’Urtēnu». Fouilles de 1994. Lovaina: Peeters, 2016.
  • Langer, Christian. Egyptian Deportations of the Late Bronze Age. A Study in Political Economy. Berlin: De Gruyter, 2021.
  • Langgut, Dafna, Israel Finkelstein y Thomas Litt. «Climate and the Late Bronze collapse: new evidence from the southern Levant». Tel Aviv 40 (2013): 149-175.
  • Leriou, Anastasia. «Overseas migrations at the end of the Late Bronze Age in the Aegean and the Eastern Mediterranean: some reflections». En The Seascape in Aegean Prehistory, editado por Giorgos Vavourankis, 250-270. Atenas: Danish Institute at Athens, 2011.
  • Liverani, Mario. «The collapse of the Near Eastern regional system at the end of the Bronze Age: the case of Syria». En Centre and Periphery in the Ancient World, editado por Michael Rowlands, Mogens Larsen y Kristian Kristiansen, 66-73. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
  • Liverani, Mario. «Exchange Models in Historical Perspective». En Policies of exchange. Political Systems and Modes of Interaction in the Aegean and the Near East in the 2nd Milliemmium BCE, editado por Birgitta Eder y Regina Pruzsinszky, 19-31. Viena: Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2015.
  • Manassa, Collen. The Great Karnak Inscription of Merneptah: Gran Strategy in the 13th Century BC (Yale Egyptological Studies 5). Yale, 2003.
  • Manassa, Collen. Imagining the Past. Historical fiction in New Kingdom Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2013.
  • Maran, Joseph. «Goliath’s Peers. Interconnected Polyethnic warrior elites in the Eastern Mediterranean of the 13th and 12th centuries BCE». En Tell it in Gath. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Israel (Ägypten und Altes Testament 90), editado por Itzhaq Shai, 223-241. Múnich: Zaphon, 2018.
  • Marazzi, Massimiliano. «Corsairs, Pirates, Traders, or Nomads of the Sea? Socioeconomic Changes in the Mediterranean at the End of the Thirteenth Century BC». En Mediterranea Itinera. Studies in Honour of Lucia Vagnetti, editado por Marco Betelli et al., 261-78. Roma: Istituto di studi sul Mediterraneo antico, 2018.
  • Mehofer, Mathias y Reinhard Jung. «Weapons and Metals. Interregional Contacts between Italy and the Eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age». En Sea Peoples’ Up-To-Date: New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th-11th Centuries BCE,editado por Peter Fischer y Teresa, Bürge, 389-400. Viena: Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2017.
  • Middleton, Guy. «Should I Stay or Should I Go? Mycenaeans, Migration, and Mobility in the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Eastern Mediterranean». Journal of Greek Archaeology 3 (2018a): 115-143.
  • Middleton, Guy. «I would walk 500 miles and I would walk 500 more: The Sea Peoples and Aegean migration at the end of the Late Bronze Age». En Change, Continuity, and Connectivity North-Eastern Mediterranean at the turn of the Bronze Age and in the early Iron Age, editado por Lukasz Niesiołowski y Marek Węcowski, 95-114. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2018b.
  • Middleton, Guy. «Mycenaean collapse(s) c. 1200 BC», Collapse and Transformation. The Late Bronze Age to Early Iron Age in the Aegean, editado por Guy Middleton, 9-22. Oxford: Oxbow, 2020.
  • Millek, Jesse. «Just how much was destroyed? The end of the Late Bronze Age in the Southern Levant». Ugarit Forschungen 49 (2018): 239-273.
  • Millek, Jesse. «Destruction at the end of the Late Bronze Age in Syria: a Reassessment». Studia Eblaitica 5 (2019): 157-190.
  • Millek, Jesse. «Our city is Sacked. May you know it. The Destruction of Ugarit and its environs by the Sea Peoples». Archaeology & History in the Lebanon 52-53 (2020-21): 102-132.
  • Miller, Jared. «The Location of Nihriya and its Disassociation from Na’iri». En Stories of long ago. Festschrift für Michael D. Roaf (Alter Orient und Altes Testament 387), editado por Heather Baker, Kai Kaniuth y Adelheid Otto, 349-372. Múnich: Ugarit Verlah, 2013.
  • Molloy, Barry. «Nought may Endure but Mutability: Eclectic Encounters and Material Change in the 13th to 11th Centuries BC Aegean». Of Odysseys and Oddities. Scales and modes of interaction between prehistoric Aegean societies and their neighbours, editado por Barry Molloy, 343-383. Oxford: Oxbow, 2016.
  • Mora, Clelia y Lorenzo d’Alfonso. «Anatolia after the End of the Hittite Empire: New Evidence from Southern Cappadocia». Origini 34 (2012): 385-398.
  • Moreno García, Juan Carlos. «Invaders or just herders? Libyan in Egypt in the third and second millennia BCE». World Archaeology 46.4 (2014): 610-623.
  • Moreno García, Juan Carlos. «Elusive ‘Libyans’: Identities, Lifestles and Mobile Populations in NE Africa (late 4th-early 2nd millennium BCE)». Journal of Egyptian History 11 (2018): 147-184.
  • Morris, Ellen. «Egypt, Ugarit the God Ba’al and the puzzle of a Royal rebuff». En There and Back Again. The Crossroads II, editado por Jana Mynarova et al., 315-351. Praga: Charles University, 2015.
  • Morris, Ellen. Ancient Egyptian Imperialism. Oxford: Blackwell, 2018.
  • Nielsen, Nicky. «A Corpus of Nineteenth dynasty Egyptian Pottery from Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham». Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections9 (2016): 59-71.
  • Nowicki, Krzysztof. «The Late 13th c. BCE Crisis in the East Mediterranean. Why the case of Crete matters?». En An Archaeology of Forced Migration. Crisis-induced mobility and the Collapse of the 13th c. BCE Eastern Mediterranean (Aegis 15), editado por Jan Driessen, 117-148. Presses Universitaires de Louvain, 2018.
  • O’Connor, David. «The Nature of Tjemhu (Libyan) Society in the Later New Kingdom». En Libya and Egypt c. 1300-750 B.C., editado por Anthony Leahy, 29-113. Londres: Society for Libyan Studies, 1990.
  • Palaima, Thomas. «Maritime Matters in the Linear B Tablets». En THALASSA: L’Egee préhistorique et la mer (Aegaeum 7), editado por Robert Laffineur y Basch, Lucien, 273-310. Lieja: Universidad de Lieja, 1991.
  • Pérez Largacha, Antonio. «Contexto, antecedentes y consecuencias del tratado de paz entre Hattusili III y Ramsés II. La perspectiva egipcia». Historiae 6 (2009): 53-85.
  • Pfoh, Emanuel. «The Earliest reference to Israel: a Historiographical Reflection». Revue Biblique 128.3 (2021): 321-331.
  • Pucci, Marina. «Economic Decay and urban rebirth in the Amuq. The Hittite conquest of Hatay and the end of the Late Bronze Age (Mid 14thto the 12th Century BC)». Eothen 23 (2020): 325-358.
  • Pulak, Cemal. «Who Were the Mycenaeans Aboard the Uluburun Ship?». En Emporia: Aegeans in the Central Mediterranean (Aegaeum 25),editado por Robert Laffineur y Emanuele Greco, 295-310. Lieja: Universidad de Lieja, 2005.
  • Raafat Abbas, Mohamed. «A Survey of the Military Role of the Sherden Warriors in the Egyptian Army during the Ramesside Period». ENIM 10 (2017): 7-23.
  • Raafat Abbas, Mohamed. «The Canaanite and Nubian Wars of Merenptah: Some Historical notes». ENIM 13 (2020): 133-149.
  • Richardson, Seth. «Libya Domestica: Libyan Trade and Society on the Eve of the Invasions of Egypt». Journal American Research Center in Egypt36 (1999): 149-164.
  • Ringheim, Hannah. «The Pharaoh’s Fighters: Early Mercenaries in Egypt». En A Stranger in the House. The Crossroads III, editado por Jana Mynárová et al., 341-353. Praga: Charles University, 2019.
  • Ritner, Robert. «Egypt and the Vanishing Libyan: Institutional responses to a Nomadic People». En Nomads, Tribe and the State in the Ancient Near East (Oriental Institute Seminars 6), editado por Jeffrey Szuchman, 43-56. Chicago: Oriental Institute, 2009.
  • Schofield, Louise y Richard B. Parkinson. «Of Helmets and Heretics: A Possible Egyptian Representation of Mycenaean Warriors on a Papyrus from El-Amarna». British School at Athens 89 (1994): 157-170.
  • Seeher, Jurgen. «Zur Zestörung der Stadt Ḫattuša». En Akten des IV. Internationalen Kongresses für Hethitologie, editado por Gernat Wilhelm, 623-634. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2001.
  • Sherratt, Susan. «The Mediterranean Economy: ‘Globalization’ at the End of the Second Millennium B.C.E.». En Symbiosis, Symbolism, and the Power of the Past: Canaan, Ancient Israel, and Their Neighbors from the Late Bronze Age Through Roman Palaestina, editado por William Dever y Seymour Gitin, 37-62. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, 2003.
  • Sherratt, Susan. «A Globalizing Bronze and Iron Age Mediterranean». En The Routledge Handbook of Archaeology and Globalization, editado por Tomas Hodos, 602-617. Londres: Routledge, 2016a.
  • Sherratt, Susan. «From Institutional to private: traders, routes and commerce from the Late Bronze Age to the Iron Age». En Dynamics of Production in the Ancient Near East, editado por Juan Carlos Moreno, 289-301. Oxford: Oxbow, 2016b.
  • Singer, Itama. «A Political History of Ugarit». En Handbook of Ugaritic Studies, editado por Wilfred Watson y Nicolas Wyatt, 603-733. Leiden: Brill, 1999.
  • Snape, Steven. «A stroll along the corniche? Coastal routes between the Nile Delta and Cyrenaica in the Late Bronze Age». En Desert Road Archaeology in Ancient Egypt and Beyond (Africa Praehistorica 27), editado por Frank Förster y Riemer, Heiko, 439-454. Colonia: Universidad de Colonia, 2013.
  • Stager, Lawrence. «The Impact of the Sea Peoples in Canaan (1185-1050 BCE)». En The Archaeology of Society in the Holy Land,editado por Thomas Levy,332-348. Londres: Leicester University Press, 1995.
  • Thomas, Susanna. «Imports at Zawiyet Umm al-Rakham». En Egyptology at the Dawn of the Twenty-first Century, 522-529. El Cairo, 2003.
  • Van de Mieroop, Marc. «The Eastern Mediterranean in Early Antiquity». En Rethinking the Mediterranean, editado por William Harris, 117-140. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.
  • Van Wijngaarden, Gert. «Foreign Affairs. Diplomacy, Trade, War and Migration in the Mycenaean Mediterranean (1400-1100 BC)». En RA-PI-NE-U. Studies on the Mycenaean World offered to Robert Laffineur for his 70th Birthday, 349-363. Lovaina: Universidad de Lovaina, 2016.
  • Waal, Willemign. «My brother, a Great King, my peer. Evidence for a Mycenaean Kingdom from Hittite texts». En From Lugal.Gal to Wanax. Kingship and political organisation in the Late Bronze Age Aegean, editado por Jarrit Kelder y Willemijn Waal, 9-29. Leiden: Sidestone, 2019.
  • Wainwright, G. «Meneptah’s aid to the Hittites». Journal of Egyptian Archaeology 46 (1960): 24-28.
  • Wachsmann, Shelley. The Gurob Ship-cart model and its Mediterranean context. Texas University Press, 2013.
  • Weiber, Erika y Martin Finné. «Resilience and persistence of ancient societies in the face of climate change: a case study from Late Bronze Age Peloponnese». World Archaeology 50:4 (2018): 584-602. doi: 10.1080/00438243.2018.1515035
  • Whittaker, Helene. «The Sea Peoples and the Collapse of Mycenaean Palatial Rule». En Sea Peoples’ Up-To-Date: New Research on Transformations in the Eastern Mediterranean in the 13th-11th Centuries BCE,editado porPeter Fischer y Teresa Bürge, 75-82. Viena: Austrian Academy of Sciences, 2017.
  • Yasur-Landau, Assaf. The Philistines and Aegean migration at the End of the Late Bronze Age. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.