Movilización y participación en Twitter. Estudio de caso del hashtag #SuperTuesday en las primarias presidenciales de EEUU 2016

  1. Víctor Manuel Pérez-Martínez 1
  2. María Dolores Rodríguez González 2
  3. María Tobajas Gracia 1
  1. 1 Universidad San Jorge (España)
  2. 2 Universidad Nacional Experimental Politécnica (Venezuela)
Journal:
Revista Latina de Comunicación Social

ISSN: 1138-5820

Year of publication: 2017

Issue: 72

Pages: 679-703

Type: Article

DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

More publications in: Revista Latina de Comunicación Social

Abstract

Introduction: the election process of the United States is of interest worldwide; it is an impactful event due to the informative interest and the Super Tuesday is a milestone in the electoral campaign of the White House. Objective: Analyse contents and interaction in Twitter during the Super Tuesday. Methodology: The study included the characteristics of Tweets published, types of contents, themes and interaction in Twitter. The study was carried out by selecting tweets during Super Tuesday event that included the #SuperTuesday hashtag. The methodology used was contents analysis. Discussion and Conclusions: The constant was the preference for highlighting the election day through original contents and in which none of the candidates were remarked. Super Tuesday was the preferred issue making place to candidates, at the end of the day, as preferred theme.

Bibliographic References

  • Ahmed, S., Jaidka, K., y Cho, J. (2016): “The 2014 Indian elections on Twitter: A comparison of campaign strategies of political parties”. Telematics y Informatics, 33(4), 1071-1087.
  • Anguiano, C. (2016): “Hostility and Hispandering in 2016: The Demographic and Discursive Power of Latinx Voters”. Women's Studies in Communication, 39(4), 366-369.
  • Bakshy, E., Hofman, J. M., Mason, W. A., y Watts, D. J. (2011): “Everyone’s an Influencer: Quantifying Influence on Twitter”. WSDM’11. Fourth ACM international conference on Web search and data mining , (pp. 65-74). Hong Kong, China. Recuperado de: http://snap.stanford.edu/class/cs224w-readings/bakshy11influencers.pdf
  • Becker, R., Amundson, N., Anderson, D., Wenzel, K., Yakubova, M., Sajaia, N., y Frannea, R. (2009): “Political Participation, Efficacy and the 2008 Minnesota Presidential Caucuses”. Qualitative Research Reports in Communication, 10(1), 38-45.
  • Bimber, B. A. (2003): "Campaigning Online : The Internet in U.S. Elections. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • Blanco, M., y R. Sueiro (2014): Cómo conseguir 10.000 seguidores en Twitter. Madrid: ESIC.
  • Bosch, T. (2017): “Twitter activism and youth in South Africa: the case of #RhodesMustFall”. Information, Communication y Society, 20(2), 221-232.
  • Bugh, G. (2010): Electoral College Reform : Challenges and Possibilities. Farnham, Surrey, England: Routledge.
  • Bruns, A., y J. Burgess (2012): ‘‘Researching news discussion on Twitter. New methodologies’’, Journalism Studies, 13(5-6), 801–814. doi: 10.1080/1461670x.2012.664428.
  • Burgess, J., y A. Bruns (2012): ‘‘(Not) the Twitter election: The dynamics of the # ausvotes conversation in relation to the Australian media ecology’’, Journalism Practice, 6(3), 1–40. doi:10.1080/17512786.2012.663610.
  • Caleffi, P. M. (2015): ‘‘The ‘Hashtag’: A New Word or a New Rule?’’ Journal of Theoretical Linguistics, 13(2): 46–69.
  • Carew, J. (2014): “Online Environmental Activism in South Africa: A Case Study of the #IAM4RHINOS Twitter Campaign”. Global Media Journal, 8(2), 207-230.
  • Cozma, Raluca, and Kuan-ju Chen. (2013): ‘‘What’s in a Tweet? Foreign Correspondents’ Use of Social Media’’ Journalism Practice, 7(1), 33–46. doi:10.1080/17512786.2012.683340.
  • Denton, R. E. (2002): The 2000 Presidential Campaign: A Communication Perspective. Westport, CT: Praeger.
  • Fortier, J. C. (Septiembre de 2008): “Amplias preferencias y relevancia nacional”. eJournal USA, 13(9), 7-10. Recuperado de http://web.archive.org/web/ 20081022231935/http://www.america.gov/media/pdf/ejs/0908ejsp.pdf
  • González, C. (2010): “Mobilizing Information in Univision Online's Election 2008 Forum”. International Communication Association. Communication y Mass Media Complete.
  • Graham, T., Jackson, D., y Broersma, M. (2016): “New platform, old habits? Candidates’ use of Twitter during the 2010 British and Dutch general election campaigns”. New Media y Society, 18(5), 765-783.
  • Gunn, E. (2017): “Twitter as arena for the authentic outsider: exploring the social media campaigns of Trump and Clinton in the 2016 US presidential election”. European Journal of Communication, 32(1), 50-61.
  • Guo, L., y Vargo, C. (2015): “The Power of Message Networks: A Big-Data Analysis of the Network Agenda Setting Model and Issue Ownership”. Mass Communication and Society(18), 557–576.
  • Gurian, P. (1993): “The distribution of news coverage in presidential primaries”. Journalism Quarterly, 70(2), 336-344.
  • Gutsche, T., Kapteyn, A., Meijer, E., y Weerman, B. (2014): “The RAND Continuous 2012 Presidential Election Poll”. Public Opinion Quarterly, 78(Special Issue), 233-254.
  • Harmon, M. D. (2004): “Casting the 2000 U.S. Presidential Primaries”. Atlantic Journal Of Communication, 12(2), 93-104.
  • Hogan, J. M. (2016): “George Wallace, speech at serb hall (26 March 1976)”. Voices Of Democracy, (11), 66-105.
  • Hunter, K. M., Lewis, J., y Overton, J. E. (2013): “My Eyes Adored You: A Content Analysis of Newsmagazine Cover Images in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election Campaign”. Ohio Communication Journal, 51, 277-301.
  • Igartua Perosanz, J. J. (2006): Métodos cuantitativos de investigación en comunicación. Barcelona: Editorial Bosch.
  • Jungherr, A., y Schoen, H. (2016): “The Mediation of Politics through Twitter: An Analysis of Messages posted during the Campaign for the German Federal Election 2013”. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, (21), 50–68.
  • Kelly Garrett, R. (2011): “Troubling Consequences of Online Political Rumoring”. Human Communication Research (37), 255–274.
  • Kennamer, J. D. (1995): “Las campañas electorales en los Estados Unidos, la prensa y las encuestas”. Estudios, (5), 75-84.
  • Klar, S. (2014): “A Multidimensional Study of Ideological Preferences and Priorities among the American Public”. Public Opinion Quarterly, 78(Special Issue), 344-359.
  • Larsson, A. O., y Ihlen, Ø. (2015): “Birds of a feather flock together? Party leaders on Twitter during the 2013 Norwegian elections”. European Journal of Communication, 30(6), 666-681.
  • Lee, J., y Lim, Y.-s. (2016): “Gendered campaign tweets: The cases of Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump”. Public Relations Review, 42(5), 849-855.
  • Lemke, J., y Chala, E. (2016): “Tweeting democracy: An ethnographic content analysis of social media use in the differing politics of Senegal and Ethiopia’s newspapers”. Journal of African Media Studies, 8(2), 167–185.
  • López-García, G. (2016): “'New' vs 'old' leaderships: the campaign of Spanish general elections 2015 on Twitter”. Communication y Society, 29(3), 149-168.
  • López-Hermida, A., y Fernanda Vallejo, M. (2016): “Estereotipo femenino en 140 caracteres. Aproximación a la campaña de Hillary Clinton en Twitter”. Revista de comunicación, (15), 48-69.
  • Macnamara, J., y Kenning, G. (2014): “E-electioneering 2007-13: trends in online political campaigns over three elections”. Media International Australia, (152), 57-74.
  • Martínez-Rolán, X., y Piñeiro-Otero, T. (2016): “The use of memes in the discourse of political parties on Twitter: analysing the 2015 state of the nation debate”. Communication y Society, 29(1), 145-159.
  • Marcos-García, S. (2017): “El empleo de Twitter como herramienta estratégica de comunicación. Análisis del caso Podemos”. Communico, (3), 1-27.
  • McAlister, J. F. (2016): “Making Feminist, Queer, Latinx, and #BlackVotesMatter”. Women's Studies In Communication, 39(4), 353-356.
  • McKinnon, M., Semmens, D., Moon, B., Amarasekara, I., y Bolliet, L. (2016): “Science, Twitter and election campaigns: tracking #auspol in the Australian federal elections”. JCOM: Journal of Science Communication, 15(6), 1-22.
  • Meso Ayerd, K., Larrondo Ureta, A., Rivero Santamarina, D., y Agirreazkuenaga Onaindia, I. (2016): “Uso e impacto de Twitter en la comunicación política. El caso vasco”. En J. M. Rodríguez Rodríguez, Retroperiodismo, o el retorno a los principios de la profesión periodística (pp. 161-177). Madrid: Sociedad Española de Periodística.
  • Murthy, D. (2015): “Twitter and elections: are tweets, predictive, reactive, or a form of buzz?” Information, Communication y Society, 18(7), 816-831.
  • Narbona, J. (2016): “Digital leadership, Twitter and Pope Francis”. Church, Communication and Culture(1), 90-109,.
  • Ott, B. L. (2017): “The age of Twitter: Donald J. Trump and the politics of debasement”. Critical Studies in Media Communication, 34(1), 59-68.
  • Papacharissi, Z., y M. de Fatima Oliveira. (2012): ‘‘Affective News and Networked Publics: The Rhythms of News Storytelling on #Egypt’’, Journal of Communication 62(2), 266–282. http:// doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2012.01630.x.
  • Penney, J. (2016): “Motivations for participating in ‘viral politics’. A qualitative case study of Twitter users and the 2012 US presidential election”. Convergence: The Journal of Research into New Media Technologies, 22(1), 71-87.
  • Peña-Jiménez, P. (2011): “El spot electoral negativo”. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (66), 399-425.
  • Pérez González, J. (2015): “El uso de Twitter como herramienta de comunicación política durante la campaña para las elecciones europeas de 2014: estudio de caso del @PPopular”. Communico, (1), 38-58.
  • Pérez-Martínez, V. M. (2009): “Multimedialidad e interactividad en la cobertura informativa de las elecciones presidenciales de los Estados Unidos de 2008 en los cibermedios españoles”. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (64), 161-174.
  • Powell, K. (2016): “‘The Year of the Ballot or the Bullet’: A Discussion of Race, Revolution, and the 2016 Election”. Women's Studies in Communication, 39(4), 370-374.
  • Prior, M. (2012): “Who watches presidential debates? Measurement problems in campaign efects research”. Public Opinion Quarterly, 76(2), 350-363.
  • Puyosa, I. (2016): “¿Contrahegemonía? Comportamiento de medios digitales y Twitter durante el proceso de las elecciones parlamentarias de diciembre 2015”. Comunicación, (173), 100-111.
  • Quevedo Redondo, R., Portalés-Oliva, M., y Berrocal Gonzalo, S. (2016): “The image use on Twitter during the 2015 municipal election campaign in Spain”. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (71), 85-107.
  • Rodríguez Pestano, J. M. (2003): “Elecciones en tiempos de guerra: la otra cara de la espiral del silencio”. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (56). Recuperado de: https://www.ull.es/publicaciones/latina/20035632pestano.htm
  • Ruiz del Olmo, F. J., y Bustos Díaz, J. (2016): “From tweet to photography, the evolution of political communication on Twitter to the image. The case of the debate on the State of the nation in Spain (2015)”. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, (71), 108-123. Recuperado de: http://www.revistalatinacs.org/071/paper/1086/06en.html
  • Ruiz, A. C. (2012): “Debates electorales en televisónnuevos contenidos para nuevos formatos”. III Congrés Internacional Associació Espanyola d'Investigació de la Comunicació. Tarragona: Universitat Rovira i Virgili.
  • Ruthizer, T., Koestler, M., Dunn, M., y Barlekamp, J. (2017): “The Potential Impact of the U.S. Presidential Election on Business Immigration”. Employee Relations Law Journal Spring, 42(4).
  • Sabato, L. J. (2002): Overtime: The Election of 2000 Thriller (Vol. 3). New York: Longman.
  • Serfaty, V. (2012): “E-The Peoplea Comparative Perspective on the Use of Social Networksin U.S. and French Electoral Campaigns”. Comunicação Midiática, 7(3), 195-214.
  • Smidt, C. D. (2014): “Dynamics in Partisanship during American Presidential Campaigns”. Public Opinion Quarterly, 78(Special Issue), 303–329.
  • Tewksbury, D. (2006): “Exposure to the Newer Media in a Presidential Primary Campaign”. Political Communication, 23(3), 313-332.
  • Theocharis, Y., Barberá, P., Fazekas, Z., Popa, S. A., y Parnet, O. (2016): “A Bad Workman Blames His Tweets: The Consequences of Citizens' Uncivil Twitter Use When Interacting With Party Candidates”. Journal of Communication, 66(6), 1007-1031.
  • Valdez Zepeda, A., y Huerta Franco, D. A. (2009): “Estrategias de comunicación en campañas electoralesel caso de la contienda presidencial de Estados Unidos 2008”. Contratexto, (17), 21-32.
  • Vargo, C. J., Guo, L., McCombs, M., y Shaw, D. L. (2014): “Network Issue Agendas on Twitter During the 2012 U.S. Presidential Election”. Journal of Communication, (64), 296-314.
  • Weeks, B., y Southwell, B. (2010): “The Symbiosis of News Coverage and Aggregate Online Search Behavior: Obama, Rumors, and Presidential Politics”. Mass Communication and Society, (13), 341–360.
  • Wells, C., Shah, D. V., Pevehouse, J. C., Yang, J., Pelled, A., Boehm, F., . . . Schmidt, J. L. (2016): “How Trump Drove Coverage to the Nomination: Hybrid Media Campaigning”. Political Communication, 33(4), 669-676.
  • Wilz, K. (2016): “Bernie Bros and Woman Cards: Rhetorics of Sexism, Misogyny, and Constructed Masculinity in the 2016 Election”. Women's Studies in Communication, 39(4), 357-360.
  • Winneg, K. M. (2011): “Testing the Mobilization and Reinforcement Hypothesis and Predictors of Voting in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election”. Annual Conference of the International Communication Association (pp. 1-34). Boston: Communication y Mass Media Complete
Data source: Dialnet