Walkability under Climate Pressure: Application to Three UNESCO World Heritage Cities in Central Spain

  1. VELÁZQUEZ SAORNIL, JAVIER 1
  2. Infante, Javier 1
  3. Gómez, Inmaculada 1
  4. Hernando, Ana 2
  5. Gülçin, Derya 6
  6. Herráez, Fernando 1
  7. Rincón, Víctor 7
  8. Castanho, Rui Alexandre 345
  1. 1 Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Environment and Agroforestry, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain
  2. 2 Silvanet Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
  3. 3 Faculty of Applied Sciences, WSB University, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland
  4. 4 CITUR–Madeira–Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation, 9000-082 Funchal-Madeira, Portugal
  5. 5 College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park P.O. Box 524, South Africa
  6. 6 Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Landscape Architecture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09100, Turkey
  7. 7 Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Zeitschrift:
Land

ISSN: 2073-445X

Datum der Publikation: 2023

Ausgabe: 12

Nummer: 5

Seiten: 944

Art: Artikel

DOI: 10.3390/LAND12050944 GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen Access editor

Andere Publikationen in: Land

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Zusammenfassung

first_pagesettingsOrder Article ReprintsOpen AccessArticleWalkability under Climate Pressure: Application to Three UNESCO World Heritage Cities in Central Spainby Javier Velázquez 1,*ORCID,Javier Infante 1,Inmaculada Gómez 1ORCID,Ana Hernando 2ORCID,Derya Gülçin 3ORCID,Fernando Herráez 1ORCID,Víctor Rincón 4ORCID andRui Alexandre Castanho 5,6,7ORCID1Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Department of Environment and Agroforestry, Catholic University of Ávila, 05005 Ávila, Spain2Silvanet Research Group, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain3Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Landscape Architecture, Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın 09100, Turkey4Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Complutense University of Madrid, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain5Faculty of Applied Sciences, WSB University, 41-300 Dąbrowa Górnicza, Poland6CITUR–Madeira–Centre for Tourism Research, Development and Innovation, 9000-082 Funchal-Madeira, Portugal7College of Business and Economics, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park P.O. Box 524, South Africa*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.Land 2023, 12(5), 944; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12050944Received: 25 March 2023 / Revised: 19 April 2023 / Accepted: 20 April 2023 / Published: 23 April 2023(This article belongs to the Special Issue Social, Ecological, and Landscape Resilience in the Face of Climate Change)Download Browse Figures Review Reports Versions NotesAbstractWalkability is a modern concept that has become important in recent years due to the doubtless effects it has on aspects such as health and wellbeing, sustainable development, climate change, and tourism. It is necessary, therefore, that urban development strategies aim to achieve walkable cities. The main objective of this study is to define a methodology to calculate the walkability index in tourist cities and to predict the effects of climate change on this index, which is applied to three World Heritage cities in central Spain: Salamanca, Ávila, and Segovia. The methodology is developed in three phases. Phase I focus on the calculation of walkability, considering the following factors: facilities and services, accessibility, sidewalk width, population density, green areas, and urban trees. In Phase II, walkability in 2020, climate-related variables were added to the previous result: temperatures, solar radiation, and shadows. Finally, the third phase, walkability under climate change pressure in 2030, 2050, and 2100, establish predictions for different climate scenarios. The results show excellent walkability indices (higher) in city centers and newly built neighborhoods and low values in the rest of the peripheral areas, industrial estates, and neighborhoods. Climate predictions showed a generalized decrease in walkability over time, even higher in the scenario with high greenhouse gas emissions. Likewise, the models can be an excellent tool for the tourist management of cities since they show the most walkable areas and, therefore, the most suitable for tourist routes.

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  • FCT—Portuguese Science and Technology Foundation
    • UIDB/04470/2020

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