Imagen, ansiedad y actitudes ante la muerte antes del COVID-19 y tres años despuésUn estudio con adolescentes
- Campos, Alfredo 1
- López-Pérez, Esther 2
-
1
Universidade de Santiago de Compostela
info
- 2 UNIR - Universidad Internacional de la Rioja
ISSN: 2386-7418
Año de publicación: 2023
Volumen: 10
Número: 1
Páginas: 112-127
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Revista de estudios e investigación en psicología y educación
Resumen
Anxiety disorders and depression have increased as a result of COVID-19. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of the pandemic and gender on death imagery, death anxiety and attitudes towards death among a group of high school adolescents. A month before the beginning of the pandemic, tests measuring death imagery, death anxiety and attitudes towards death were handed out to 195 participants, and 134 participants took the same tests three years later, right after the end of the pandemic. The comparison of pre- and post-pandemic scores shows no significant differences in death imagery or death anxiety between the two. After the pandemic, participants showed higher Approach Acceptance (AA) and Neutral Acceptance (NA), while women were found to experience more Fear of Death (FD) and higher Escape Acceptance (EA) than men. Results are explained considering the times at which the tests were taken as well as the participants’ characteristics.
Referencias bibliográficas
- BERNA, Chantal, VINCENT, Katy, MOORE, Jane, TRACEY, Irene, GOODWIN, Guy. M., & HOLMES, Emily. A. (2011). Presence of mental imagery associated with chronic pelvic pain: A pilot study. Pain Medicine, 12 (7), 1086-1093. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-4637.2011.01152.x
- BOELEN, Paul. A., & HUNTJENS, Rafaele. J. C. (2008). Intrusive images in grief: An exploratory study. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 15, 2017-226. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.568
- BORKOVEC, Thomas. D., ALACINE, Oscar, & BEHAR, Evelyn (2004). Avoidance theory of worry and generalized anxiety disorder. In Richard G. Heimberg, Cynthia L. Turk, & Douglas S. Mennin (Eds.). Generalized anxiety disorder: Advances in research and practice (pp. 77-108). The Guilford Press.
- BRUBECK, Dan, & BEER, John (1992). Depression, self-esteem, suicide ideation, death anxiety and GPA in high school students of divorced and nondivorced parents. Psychological Reports, 71, 755-763. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.71.3.755
- CDC, Centers for Disease Control (2020). Indicators of anxiety or depression based on reported frequency of symptoms during the last 7 days. Household Pulse Survey. Department of Health and Human Services, CDC, National Center for Health Statistics: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/pulse/mental-health.htm
- CLARK, David. M., EHLERS, Anke, HACKMANN, Ann, MCMANUS, Freda, FENNELL, Melanie, GREY, Nick, WADDINGTON, Louise, & WILD, Jennifer (2006). Cognitive therapy versus exposure and applied relaxation in social phobia: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(3), 568-578. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.74.3.568
- CZEISLER, Mark. E., LANE, Rashon. I., PETROSKY, Emiko., WILEY, Joshua. F., CHRISTENSEN, Aleta, NJAI, Rashid, WEAVER, Matthew. D., ROBBINS, Rebecca, FACER-CHILDS, Elise. R., BARGER, Laura, K., CZEISLER, Charles. A., HOWARD, Mark. E., & RAJARATNAM, Shantha, M. W. (2020). Mental health, substance use, and suicidal ideation during the COVID-19 pandemic - United States, June 24-30, 2020. MMWR and Morbility and Mortality Weekly Report, 69, 1049-1057. https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm6932a1
- DEEPROSE, Catherine, & HOLMES, Emily (2010). An exploration of prospective imagery: The Impact of Future Events Scale. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 38(2), 201-209. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1352465809990671
- GEORGE, Darren, & MALLERY, Paul (2003). SPSS for Windows step by step: A simple guide and reference.11.0 update. Allyn & Bacon.
- GESSER, Gina, WONG, Paul, & REKER, Gary (1988). Death attitudes across the life-span: The development and validation of the Death Attitude Profile. Omega - Jounal of Death and Dying, 18, 113-128. https://doi.org/10.2190/0DQB-7Q1E-2BER-H6YC
- HALES, Susie. A., DEEPROSE, Catherine, GOODWIN, Guy, M., & HOLMES, Emily. A. (2011). Cognitions in bipolar affective disorder and unipolar depression: Imagining suicide. Bipolar Disorders, 13(7-8), 651-661. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2011.00954.x
- HE, Yiqing, & LI, Tao (2022). Death attitudes and death anxiety among medical interns after the 2020 outbreak of the novel coronavirus. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.698546
- HOLMES, Emily. A., GEDDES, John. R., COLOM, Francesc, & GOODWIN, Guy. M. (2008). Mental imagery as an emotional amplifier: Application to bipolar disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 46(12), 1251-1258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2008.09.005
- HWANG, Yeji, CONNELL, LaShauna. M., RAJPARA, Anjali. R., & HODGSON, Nancy. A. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on dementia caregivers and factors associated with their anxiety symptoms. American Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease & Other Dementias, 36, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/15333175211008768
- LÁZARO-PÉREZ, Cristina, MARTÍNEZ-LÓPEZ, José. A., GÓMEZ-GALÁN, José, & FERNÁNDEZ-MARTÍNEZ, María del Mar (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and death anxiety in security forces in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 7760; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217760
- LEE, Sok. K. (2009). East Asian attitudes toward death - a search for the ways to help East Asian elderly dying in contemporary America. Permanente Journal, 13(3), 55-60. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/08-068
- LIMONERO, Joaquín. T., TOMÁS-SABADO, Joaquín, FERNÁNDEZ, Jordi., CLADELLAS, Ramón., & GÓMEZ-BENITO, Juana (2010). Competencia personal percibida y ansiedad ante la muerte en estudiantes de enfermería [Perceived personal competence and death anxiety in nursing students]. Ansiedad y Estrés, 16, 177-188. https://www.ansiedadyestres.es/es/bibcite/reference/402
- LÓPEZ-PÉREZ, María Eesther, & CAMPOS, Alfredo (en prensa). La imagen y la ansiedad ante la muerte de los adolescentes después del COVID-19. Actas del XVII Congreso Internacional Galego-Portugués de Psicopedagogía. A Coruña.
- LÓPEZ-PÉREZ, María Esther, PINO-JUSTE, Margarita, & CAMPOS, Alfredo (2020a). Image of death and attitude towards death. North American Journal of Psychology, 22(4), 701-710. Disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346966861_Image_of_Death_and_Attitude_Towards_Death
- LÓPEZ-PÉREZ, María Esther, PINO-JUSTE, Margarita, & CAMPOS, Alfredo (2020b). Viveza y control de imagen, y actitud ante la muerte en adolescentes y adultos. Revista de Estudios e Investigación en Psicología y Educación, 7(2), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.17979/reipe.2020.7.1.6985
- LÓPEZ-PÉREZ, María Esther, PINO-JUSTE, Margarita, & CAMPOS, Alfredo (2022). Mental imagery and anxiety towards death in adolescents. Death Studies, 46(8), 1891-1896. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481187.2020.1864683
- MCGOVERN, Marguerita, & BARRY, Margaret M. (2000). Death education: Knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives of Irish parents and teachers. Death Studies, 24, 325-333. https://doi.org/10.1080/074811800200487
- MISSLER, Marjolein., STROEBE, Margaret., GEURTSEN, Lilian., MASTENBROEK, Mirjam., CHMOUN, Sara., & VAN DER HOUWEN, Karolijne (2012). Exploring death anxiety among enderly people: A literatura review and empirical investigation. Omega: The Journal of Death and Dying, 64, 357-379. https://doi.org/10.2190/OM.64.4.e
- MOULTON, Samuel T., & KOSSLYN, Stephen. M. (2009). Imagining predictions: Mental imagery as mental emulation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 36(4), 1273-1280. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0314
- POWER, Trinda. L., & SMITH, Steven. M. (2008). Predictors of fear of death and self-mortality: An Atlantic Canadian perspective. Death Studies, 32, 253-272. https://doi.org/10.1080/07481180701880935
- STOPA, Lusia, BROWN, Mike. A., & HIRSCH, Colette. R. (2012). The effects of repeated imagery practice on self-concept, anxiety, and performance in socially anxious participants. Journal of Experimental Psychopathology, 3(2), 223-242. https://doi.org/10.5127/jep.021511
- TEMPLER, Donald. I. (1970). The construction and validation of a death anxiety scale. Journal of General Psychology, 82, 165-177. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1970.9920634
- TOMÁS-SÁBADO, Joaquín, & GÓMEZ-BENITO, Juana (2002). Psychometric properties of the Spanish form of Templer’s Death Anxiety Scale. Psychological Reports, 91, 1116-1120. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3f.1116
- TOMÁS-SÁBADO, Joaquín., & GÓMEZ-BENITO, Juana (2003). Variables relacionadas con la ansiedad ante la muerte [Variables correlated with death anxiety]. Revista de Psicología General y Aplicada, 56(3), 257-279. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=818725
- TOMÁS-SÁBADO, Joaquín, & GUIX, Eulàlia (2001). Ansiedad ante la muerte: Efectos de un curso de formación en enfermeras y auxiliares de enfermería [Anxiety of death in nurses and nursing auxillaries in a training course]. Enfermería Clínica, 11, 20- 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1130-8621(01)73697-2
- VÁZQUEZ, Raquel (2012). Variables predictivas de la ansiedad, el miedo y actitudes ante la muerte en estudiantes de secundaria [Predictive variables of anxiety, fear and attitudes towards death in secondary school studentes] [Tesis Doctoral no publicada]. Universidad de Vigo.
- VIGOTSKY, Lev, S. (2009). La imaginación y el arte en la infancia, 9ª ed. Akal.
- WANG, Yiqing. Q., & LI, Tao (2017). Prediction of college students’ mental health on death anxiety. China Journal of Health Psychology, 25, 1741-1744.
- WONG, Paul, REKER, Gary, & GESSER, Gina (1994). Death Attitude Profile-Revised: A multidimensional measure of attitudes toward death. En Robert A. Neimeyer (Ed.). Death anxiety handbook: Research, instrumentation, and application (pp. 121-148). Taylor and Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315800813