Body perception and frequency of exposure to advertising on social networks among adolescents

  1. Feijoo, Beatriz 1
  2. Cambronero-Saiz, Belén 1
  3. Miguel-San-Emeterio, Begoña 2
  1. 1 Univesidad Internacional de La Rioja
  2. 2 Universidad Internacional de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad Internacional de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/029gnnp81

Aldizkaria:
El profesional de la información

ISSN: 1386-6710 1699-2407

Argitalpen urtea: 2023

Zenbakien izenburua: Network activisms

Alea: 32

Zenbakia: 3

Mota: Artikulua

DOI: 10.3145/EPI.2023.MAY.18 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openSarbide irekia editor

Beste argitalpen batzuk: El profesional de la información

Garapen Iraunkorreko Helburuak

Laburpena

The marketing actions of influencers promoting unhealthy targeted products can aggravate the problem of childhood obesity and thus generate self-esteem problems. The influence of exposure to this type of sponsored content can also have an effect on the emotional well-being of adolescents. This is the context of this study, which seeks to analyze the relationship between exposure to food or body care advertising on social networks (YouTube, Instagram, and TikTok) of adolescents and their perception of their physical appearance. Online surveys were distributed between April and June 2022 to 1,055 adolescents aged 11-17 years and residing in Spain. The main results show that 16- and 17-year-olds have a heavier figure as an ideal reference, but they are also the group that presents the thinnest evaluation of their current figure. Their level of satisfaction is the lowest compared with the rest of the age groups, and they attach greater importance to the social role of a good physical appearance. Thus, exposure to advertising by influencers on social networks is directly related to lower satisfaction with their bodies. This assessment is based not so much on individual reasons related to health or personal well-being, but rather on fundamentally social reasons, and considers that physical appearance is a determining factor for social success. Therefore, it is advisable to study in more detail the beliefs that directly affect adolescents’ self-esteem to improve their critical competence in the face of this idealized content. 

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Aesan (2019). Estudio Aladino. https://www.aesan.gob.es/AECOSAN/web/nutricion/detalle/aladino_2019.htm
  • Alruwaily, Amaal; Mangold, Chelsea; Greene, Tenay; Arshonsky, Josh; Cassidy, Omni; Pomeranz, Jennifer L.; Bragg, Marie (2020). “Child social media influencers and unhealthy food product placement”. Pediatrics, v. 146, n. 5, pp. 2-10. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-4057
  • Álvarez-Díaz, Jorge A. (2020). “La necesaria perspectiva de género para el análisis de problemas de salud”. Cirugía y cirujanos, v. 88, n. 3, pp. 383-388. http://doi.org/10.24875/ciru.19000865
  • Audrezet, Alice; De-Kerviler, Gwarlann; Moulard, Julie-Guidry (2020). “Authenticity under threat: when social media influencers need to go beyond self-presentation”. Journal of business research, v. 117, pp. 557-569. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.008
  • Autocontrol (2021). Código de conducta sobre el uso de influencers en la publicidad. https://www.autocontrol.es/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/codigo-de-conducta-publicidad-influencers.pdf
  • Balaban, Delia-Cristina; Mucundorfeanu, Meda; Mureșan, Larisa-Ioana (2022). “Adolescents’ understanding of the model of sponsored content of social media influencer Instagram stories”. Media and communication, v. 10, n. 1, pp. 305-316. https://doi.org/10.17645/mac.v10i1.4652
  • Borrell, Carme; Artazcoz, Lucía (2008). “Las desigualdades de género en salud: retos para el futuro”. Revista española de salud pública, v. 82, n. 3, pp. 241-249. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1135-57272008000300001
  • Boyland, Emma J.; Nolan, Sarah; Kelly, Bridget; Tudur-Smith, Catrin; Jones, Andrew; Halford, Jason C.; Robinson, Eric (2016). “Advertising as a cue to consume: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of acute exposure to unhealthy food and nonalcoholic beverage advertising on intake in children and adults”. The American journal of clinical nutrition, v. 103, n. 2, pp. 519-533. https://doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.115.120022
  • Cambronero-Saiz, Belén; Segarra-Saavedra, Jesús; Cristófol-Rodríguez, Carmen (2021). “Análisis desde la perspectiva de género del engagement de los principales youtubers de divulgación científica”. Cuestiones de género: de la igualdad y la diferencia, n. 16, pp. 511-525. https://doi.org/10.18002/cg.v0i16.6914
  • Castelló-Martínez, Araceli; Tur-Viñes, Victoria (2021). “Una combinación de alto riesgo: obesidad, marcas de alimentación, menores y retos en YouTube”. Gaceta sanitaria, v. 35, n. 4, pp. 352-354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.06.018
  • Coates, Anna-Elizabeth; Hardman, Charlotte-Alice; Grovenor-Halford, Jason-Christian; Christiansen, Paul; Boyland, Emma-Jane (2019). “The effect of influencer marketing of food and a ‘protective’ advertising disclosure on children’s food intake”. Pediatric obesity, v. 14, n. 10, e12540. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12540
  • Cohen, Rachel; Newton-John, Toby; Slater, Amy (2021). “The case for body positivity on social media: perspectives on current advances and future directions”. Journal of health psychology, v. 26, n. 13, pp. 2365-2373. http://doi.org/10.1177/1359105320912450
  • Conde, Rita; Casais, Beatriz (2023). “Micro, macro and mega-influencers on Instagram: the power of persuasion via the parasocial relationship”. Journal of business research, v. 158, 113708. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2023.113708
  • Cordero, Christina; Pulgaron, Elizabeth; Marchante-Hoffman, Ashley; Llabre, María; Perreira, Krista, Sotres-Álvarez, Daniela; Isasi, Carmen; Elder, John; Delamater, Alan (2022). “Body image and disordered eating behaviors in Hispanic/Latino youth: findings from the Hispanic community health study/study of Latino youth”. Appetite, v. 175, 106079. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2022.106079
  • De-Jans, Steffi; Hudders, Liselot (2020). “Disclosure of vlog advertising targeted to children”. Journal of interactive marketing, v. 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2020.03.003
  • De-Jans, Steffi; Spielvogel, Ines; Naderer, Brigitte; Hudders, Liselot (2021). “Digital food marketing to children: How an influencer’s lifestyle can stimulate healthy food choices among children”. Appetite, v. 162, 105182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2021.105182
  • De-Jongh-González, Olivia; Escalante-Izeta, Ericka-Ileana; Ojeda-García, Angélica (2023). “Comprendiendo la obesidad infantil como una condición bio-psico-social”. Revista cubana de psicología, v. 4, n. 6. https://revistas.uh.cu/psicocuba/article/view/311
  • Djafarova, Elmira; Rushworth, Chloe (2017). “Exploring the credibility of online celebrities’ Instagram profiles in influencing the purchase decisions of young female users”. Computers in human behavior, v. 68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.009
  • Du, Yuetong; Rui, J. Raymond; Yu, Nan (2023). “How parasocial relationship and influencer-product congruence shape audience’s attitude towards product placement in online videos: the mediation role of reactance”. Psychology research and behavior management, v. 16, pp. 1315-1329. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S406558
  • Eyada, Bassant; Milla, Asli (2020). “Native advertising: challenges and perspectives”. Journal of design sciences and applied arts, v. 1, n. 1, pp. 67-77. https://doi.org/10.21608/JDSAA.2020.70451
  • Fanjul-Peyró, Carlos; López-Font, Lorena; González-Oñate, Cristina (2019). “Adolescentes y culto al cuerpo: influencia de la publicidad y de internet en la búsqueda del cuerpo masculino idealizado”. Doxa comunicación, v. 29, pp. 61-74. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n29a3
  • Feijoo, Beatriz; Fernández-Gómez, Erika (2021). “Niños y niñas influyentes en YouTube e Instagram: contenidos y presencia de marcas durante el confinamiento”. Cuadernos.info, n. 49, pp. 302-330. https://doi.org/10.7764/cdi.49.27309
  • Feijoo, Beatriz; Pavez, Isabel (2019). “Audiovisual content with advertising intention in children’s videos on YouTube: the case of the Soy Luna series”. Communication & society, v. 32, n. 1, pp. 313-331. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.32.1.313-331
  • Feijoo, Beatriz; Sádaba, Charo; Bugueño, Simón (2020). “Anuncios entre vídeos, juegos y fotos. Impacto publicitario que recibe el menor a través del teléfono móvil”. Profesional de la información, v. 29, n. 6, e290630. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.nov.30
  • Fernández-Gómez, Erika; Díaz-Campo, Jesús (2014). “La publicidad de alimentos en la televisión infantil en España: promoción de hábitos de vida saludables”. Observatorio, v. 8, n. 4, pp. 133-150. https://www.doi.org/10.15847/obsOBS842014802
  • Fioravanti, Giulia; Bocci-Benucci, Sara; Ceragioli, Giulia; Casale, Silvia (2022). “How the exposure to beauty ideals on social networking sites influences body image: A systematic review of experimental studies”. Adolescent research review, v. 7, n. 3, pp. 419-458. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40894-022-00179-4
  • Gobierno de España (2022). Plan Estratégico Nacional para la reducción de la obesidad infantil (2022-2030). En Plan bien. Resumen ejecutivo. https://www.lamoncloa.gob.es/presidente/actividades/Documents/2022/100622-plan-estrategico-nacional-reduccion-obesidad-infantil_en-plan-bien.pdf
  • Gómez-Nieto, Begoña (2018). “El influencer: herramienta clave en el contexto digital de la publicidad engañosa”. Methaodos revista de ciencias sociales, v. 6, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.17502/m.rcs.v6i1.212
  • González-Díaz, Cristina (2014). “La publicidad dirigida a niños en el sector de la alimentación: un estudio atendiendo al tipo de producto”. Historia y comunicación social, v. 18, pp. 175-187. https://doi.org/10.5209/rev_hics.2013.v18.44235
  • González-Oñate, Cristina; Martínez-Sánchez, Adela (2020). “Estrategia y comunicación en redes sociales: Un estudio sobre la influencia del movimiento RealFooding”. Ámbitos. Revista internacional de comunicación, n. 48, pp. 79-101. https://doi.org/10.12795/Ambitos.2020.i48.05
  • Lim, Xin-Jean; Radzol, Aifa-Rozaini; Cheah, Jun-Hwa; Wong, Mun-Wai (2017). “The impact of social media influencers on purchase intention and the mediation effect of customer attitude”. Asian journal of business research, v. 7, n. 2, pp. 19-36. https://doi.org/10.14707/ajbr.170035
  • López-Villafranca, Paloma; Olmedo-Salar, Silvia (2019). “Menores en YouTube, ¿ocio o negocio? Análisis de casos en España y EUA”. Profesional de la información, v. 28, n. 5, e280520. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2019.sep.20
  • Lou, Chen; Yuan, Shupei (2019). “Influencer marketing: how message value and credibility affect consumer trust of branded content on social media”. Journal of interactive advertising, v. 19, n. 1, pp. 58-73. http://doi.org/10.1080/15252019.2018.1533501
  • Lowe-Calverley, Emily; Grieve, Rachel (2021). “Do the metrics matter? An experimental investigation of Instagram influencer effects on mood and body dissatisfaction”. Body image, v. 36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.10.003
  • Markey, Charlotte H.; Daniels, Elizabeth A. (2022). “An examination of preadolescent girls’ social media use and body image: Type of engagement may matter most”. Body image, v. 42, pp. 145-149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.05.005
  • Meyers, Cynthia B. (2017). “Social media influencers: a lesson plan for teaching digital advertising media literacy”. Advertising & society quarterly, v. 18, n. 2, pp. https://doi.org/10.1353/asr.2017.0018
  • Milmo, Dan; Skopeliti, Clea (2021). “Teenage girls, body image and Instagram’s ‘perfect storm’”. The Guardian, 18 September. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2021/sep/18/teenage-girls-body-image-and-instagrams-perfect-storm
  • Murphy, Gráinne; Corcoran, Ciara; Tatlow-Golden, Mimi; Boyland, Emma; Rooney, Brendan (2020). “See, like, share, remember: adolescents’ responses to unhealthy-, healthy- and non-food advertising in social media”. International journal of environmental research and public health, v. 17, n. 7, pp. 21-81. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072181
  • Murray, Marisa A.; Obeid, Nicole; Gunnell, Katie E.; Buchholz, Annick, Flament; Martine F.; Goldfield, Gary S. (2023). “Appearance satisfaction mediates the relationship between recreational screen time and depressive symptoms in adolescents”. Child and adolescent mental health, v. 28, n. 1, pp. 12-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12576
  • OMS (2018). Género y salud. Organización Mundial de la Salud. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/gender
  • Pink, Aimee E.; Lim, Phoebe X. H.; Sim, Aaron Y.; Cheon, Bobby K. (2022). “The effects of acute social media exposure on body dissatisfaction and eating behavior of male and female students”. Journal of social and clinical psychology, v. 41, n. 4, pp. 365-397. https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2022.41.4.365
  • Reyes-Pedraza, María-Eugenia; García-González, Janet; Téllez-Castilla, María-Delia (2018). “Impacto de la publicidad en los hábitos alimenticios en los niños”. Revista española de comunicación en salud, v. 9, n. 2, pp. 116-126. https://doi.org/10.20318/recs.2018.4490
  • Rosara, Nadia-Annisa; Luthfia, Amia (2020). “Factors influencing consumer’s purchase intention on beauty products in YouTube”. Journal of distribution science, v. 18, n. 6, pp. 37-46. https://doi.org/10.15722/jds.18.6.202006.37
  • Sadeghirad, Behnam; Duhaney, Tara; Motaghipisheh, Shahrzad; Campbell, Norm R. C.; Johnston, Bradley C. (2016). “Influence of unhealthy food and beverage marketing on children’s dietary intake and preference: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized trials”. Obesity reviews, v. 17, n. 10, pp. 945-959. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.12445
  • Sanzari, Christina M.; Gorrell, Sasha; Anderson, Lisa M.; Reilly, Erin E.; Niemiec, Martha A.; Orloff, Natalia C.; Anderson, Drew A.; Hormes, Julia M. (2023). “The impact of social media use on body image and disordered eating behaviors: Content matters more than duration of exposure”. Eating behaviors, 101722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101722
  • Silva, Marianny-Jessica-De Brito; De-Farias, Salomão-Alencar; Grigg, Michelle-Helena-Kovacs; Barbosa, María-de-Lourdes-de-Azevedo (2021). “The body as a brand in social media: analyzing digital fitness influencers as product endorsers”. Athenea digital, v. 21, n. 1. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/athenea.2614
  • Smit, Crystal R.; Buijs, Laura; Van-Woudenberg, Thabo J.; Bevelander, Kirsten E.; Buijzen, Moniek (2019). “The impact of social media influencers on children’s dietary behaviors”. Frontiers in psychology, v. 10, 2975. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02975
  • Thompson, Marjorie A.; Gray, James J. (1995). “Development and validation of a new body-image assessment scale”. Journal of personality assessment, v. 64, n. 2, pp. 258-269. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa6402_6
  • Tiggemann, Marika; Anderberg, Isabella (2020). “Muscles and bare chests on Instagram: the effect of influencers’ fashion and fitspiration images on men’s body image”. Body image, v. 35, pp. 237-244. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.10.001
  • Tur-Viñes, Victoria; Castelló-Martínez, Araceli (2021). “Food brands, YouTube and children: media practices in the context of the PAOS selfregulation code”. Communication & society, v. 34, n. 2, pp. 87-105. https://doi.org/10.15581/003.34.2.87-105
  • Tur-Viñes, Victoria; Núñez-Gómez, Patricia; González-Río, María-José (2018). “Menores influyentes en YouTube. Un espacio para la responsabilidad”. Revista latina de comunicación social, n. 73, pp. 1211-1230. https://doi.org/10.4185/RLCS-2018-1303
  • Unicef (2021). ¿Qué opinan los niños, niñas y adolescentes? Resultados de la segunda edición del Barómetro de opinión de infancia y adolescencia 2020-2021. https://www.unicef.es/sites/unicef.es/files/comunicacion/Barometro%20infancia%202021.pdf
  • Van-Dam, Sophia; Van-Reijmersdal, Eva (2019). “Insights in adolescents’ advertising literacy, perceptions and responses regarding sponsored influencer videos and disclosures”. Cyberpsychology: journal of psychosocial research on cyberspace, v. 13, n. 2, article 2. http://doi.org/10.5817/CP2019-2-2
  • WHO (2016). Tackling food marketing to children in a digital world: trans-disciplinary perspectives: children’s rights, evidence of impact, methodological challenges, regulatory options and policy implications for the WHO European Region. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/344003
  • WHO (2021). European childhood obesity surveillance initiative (COSI). Report on the fourth round of data collection, 2015-2017. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. ISBN: 978 92 890 5773 8 https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/341189/WHO-EURO-2021-2495-42251-58349-eng.pdf
  • WHO (2022). European regional obesity report. World Health Organization. Regional Office for Europe. https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/353747/9789289057738-eng.pdf
  • Wojdynski, Bartosz W.; Golan, Guy J. (2016). “Native advertising and the future of mass communication”. American behavioral scientist, v. 60, n. 12, pp. 1403-1407. http://doi.org/10.1177/0002764216660134
  • Zozaya, Luisa; Feijoo, Beatriz; Sádaba, Charo (2023). “El papel de los influencers en las decisiones de consumo de los menores españoles”. Doxa comunicación, n. 36, pp. 401-413. https://doi.org/10.31921/doxacom.n36a1685