Evaluación de impacto ambiental mediante la introducción de indicadores a un modelo BIM de vivienda social

  1. María del Pilar Mercader Moyano
  2. Patricia Edith Camporeale
  3. Elías Cózar-Cózar
Revista:
Hábitat Sustentable

ISSN: 0719-0700

Año de publicación: 2019

Volumen: 9

Número: 2

Páginas: 78-93

Tipo: Artículo

DOI: 10.22320/07190700.2019.09.02.07 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openDialnet editor

Otras publicaciones en: Hábitat Sustentable

Resumen

Building Information Modeling (BIM) constituye una herramienta versátil para analizar el ciclo de vida de los edificios y el uso eficiente de los recursos, reducción, reuso y reciclado de residuos de construcción y demolición hacia un parque edilicio sin carbono para 2020 en Europa. Este trabajo propone una nueva metodología para incorporar indicadores: energía incorporada, emisiones de CO2, residuos de construcción y demolición además de sólidos urbanos, en modelos BIM que evalúan el impacto ambiental siguiendo la estructura de la Base de Costes de la Construcción de Andalucía (BCCA). Se eligió un bloque de vivienda social en Sevilla, como caso de estudio, para focalizarse en el análisis de su estructura de hormigón armado debido a su alto impacto.Los resultados agrupados por tarea e indicador muestran el rol preponderante del hormigón. Por el contrario, el acero demuestra ser menos energo-consumidor, generando menos emisiones y permitiendo reducir los residuos mediante reciclaje. Según la discriminación por tareas, se destaca el bajo impacto de las fundaciones frente a la superestructura resistente. Asimismo, cada metro cuadrado de construcción típica genera 76.11 de residuo de construcción y demolición, siendo 76,11 kg mixto proveniente del hormigón y 0,34 kg, del acero.

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