Methods of soil recovery in quarries of arid and semiarid areas using different waste types

  1. Mariángeles Peñaranda Barba 1
  2. Virginia Alarcón Martínez 2
  3. Ignacio Gómez Lucas 1
  4. José Navarro Pedreño 1
  1. 1 Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche
    info

    Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche

    Elche, España

    ROR https://ror.org/01azzms13

  2. 2 Universidad Internacional de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad Internacional de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/029gnnp81

Revista:
Spanish Journal of Soil Science: SJSS

ISSN: 2253-6574

Any de publicació: 2020

Volum: 10

Número: 2

Pàgines: 101-122

Tipus: Article

DOI: 10.3232/SJSS.2020.V10.N2.01 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR

Altres publicacions en: Spanish Journal of Soil Science: SJSS

Resum

In the Region of Murcia, there are many abandoned quarries in which restoration processes have not been carried out, and there are others that have a restoration plan but soil rehabilitation has not been achieved. Open pit mining generates a great environmental impact in the area where the activity takes place since it alters the morphology of the earth's crust, pollutes the air, the surface and underground waters, eliminates the flora of the area and destroys the biotope, causing changes in the landscape and strong changes in ecosystems. There is an international concern to promote sustainable development and waste reuse. In the European Union and Spain there is a requirement to carry out a restoration plan for mining operations. Waste production is a big problem; ways of reusing waste without polluting the environment and reintroducing it into economic activity are sought. In this article, several techniques are compiled that have given satisfactory results in the restoration of mining spaces, mainly in the Region of Murcia (SE Spain), by using waste such as pig manure, marble debris, sewage sludge or compost of urban household waste. These wastes pose a problem due to their disposal if they are not reused, and their use to restore mining spaces is a good option against dumping, abandonment or incineration.

Referències bibliogràfiques

  • Adriano DC. 2001. Trace elements in terrestrial environments: Biogeochemistry, bioavailability and risks of metals. New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Almendro-Candel MB, Gómez I, Navarro-Pedreño, Zorpas AA. 2018. Physical properties of soils affected by the use of agricultural waste: Agricultural waste and residues. In: Aladjadjiyan A, editor. Agricultural Waste and Residues, Chapter 2. London (UK): Ed Intech. p. 9-28.
  • Almendro-Candel MB, Gómez I, Navarro-Pedreño, Zorpas AA, Voukkali I, Loizia P. 2019. The use of composted municipal solid waste under the concept of circular economy and as a source of plant nutrients and pollutants. In: Saleh HEM, editor. Municipal Solid Waste Management, Chapter 3. London (UK): Ed Intech. p. 33-50.
  • Alvarenga P, de Varennes A, Cunha-Queda AC. 2014. The effect of compost treatments and a plant cover with Agrostis tenuis on the immobilization/mobilization of trace elements in a mine-contaminated soil. Int J Phytoremediation 16(2):138-154.
  • Amezketa E, Aragües R. 1995. Flocculation-dispersion behavior of arid-zone soil clays as affected by electrolyte concentration and composition. Investigación Agraria: Serie Producción y Protección Vegetales 10:101-112.
  • Angers DA, Chantigny MH, MacDonald JD, Rochette P, Cote D. 2010. Differential retention of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in grassland soil profiles with longterm manure application. Nutr Cycl Agroecosys. 86:225-229.
  • Antonsiewicz DM, Escude-Duran C, Wierzbowska E, Sklodowska A. 2008. Indigenous plant species with potential for the phytoremediation of arsenic and metal contaminated soil. Water Air Soil Poll. 19:197-210.
  • Armas C, Pugnaire FI. 2005. Plant interactions govern population dynamics in a semi-arid plant community. J Ecol. 93:978-989.
  • Asensio V, Covelo EF, Kandeler E. 2013. Soil management of copper mine tailing soils - Sludge amendment and tree vegetation could improve biological soil quality. Sci Total Environ. 456-457:82-90.
  • Badía D, Marti C. 2000. Seeding and mulching treatments as conservation measures of two burned soils in the central Ebro valley, NE Spain. Arid Soil Res Rehab. 13:219-232.
  • Bakker JD, Colasurdo LB, Evans JR. 2012. Enhancing Garry oak seedling performance in a semiarid environment. Northwest Sci. 86:300-309.
  • Baldock JA, Skjemstad JO. 2000. Role of the soil matrix and minerals in protecting natural organic materials against biological attack. Org Geochem. 31:697-710.
  • Baldrian P, Merhautova V, Petrankova M, Cajthaml T, Snajdr J. 2010. Distribution of microbial biomass and activity of extracellular enzymes in a hardwood forest soil reflect soil moisture content. Appl Soil Ecol. 46:177-182.
  • Banning NC, Phillips IR, Jones DL, Murphy DV. 2011. Development of Microbial Diversity and Functional Potential in Bauxite Residue Sand under Rehabilitation. Restor Ecol. 19(101):78-87.
  • Bastida F, Jindo K, Moreno JL, Hernández T, García C. 2012. Effects of organic amendments on soil carbon fractions: enzyme activity and humus–enzyme complexes under semi-arid conditions. Eur J Soil Biol. 53:94-102.
  • Bastida F, Kandeler E, Moreno JL, Ros M, García C, Hernández T. 2008. Application of fresh and composted organic wastes modifies structure: size and activity of soil microbial community under semiarid climate. Appl Soil Ecol. 40:318-329.
  • Bastida F, Moreno JL, García C, Hernández T. 2006. Microbiological degradation index of soils in a semiarid climate. Soil Biol Biochem. 38:3463-3473.
  • Bastida F, Moreno JL, García C, Hernández T. 2007. Addition of urban waste to semiarid degraded soil: long-term effect. Pedosphere 17:557-567.
  • Bateman A, Lewandrowski W, Stevens J, Muñoz-Rojas M. 2018. Ecophysiological indicators to assess drought responses of arid zone native seedlings in reconstructed soils. Land Degrad Dev. 29(4):984-993.
  • Bautista S, Robichaud PR, Bladé C. 2009. Post-fire mulching. In: Cerdá A, Robichaud PR, editors. Fire effects on soils and restoration strategies. Enfield (NH): Science Publishers. p. 353-372.
  • Beesley L, Moreno-Jimenez E, Gomez-Eyles JL, Harris E, Robinson B, Sizmur T. 2011. A review of biochars' potential role in the remediation, revegetation, and restoration of contaminated soils. Environ Pollut. 159:3269-3282.
  • Bernal MP, Roig A, Cegarra J. 1991. Effect of pig slurry additions on the organic carbon of calcareous soils. Bioresource Technol. 37:867-876.
  • Bitton G. 2005. Wastewater Microbiology, 3rd ed. New York: Wiley-Liss Hoboken.
  • Boer W, de Folman LB, Summerbell RC, Boddy L. 2005. Living in a fungal world: impact of fungi on soil bacterial niche development. Fems Microbiol Rev. 29:795-811.
  • Bosch-Serra AD, Poch RM, Salazar MA. 2000. Evaluación de la utilización de estériles de una explotación minera carbonífera, junto con purín porcino, para la revegetación de la propia escombrera. Edafología 7(3):137-142.
  • Bosch-Serra AD, Yagüe MR, Poch RM, Molner M, Junyent B, Boixadera J. 2017. Aggregate strength in calcareous soil fertilized with pig slurries. Eur J Soil Sci. 68(4):449-461.
  • Bronick CJ, Lal R. 2005. Estructura del suelo y gestión: una revisión. Geoderma 124:3-22.
  • Caravaca F, García C, Hernández MT, Roldán A. 2002. Aggregate stability changes after organic amendment and mycorrhizal inoculation in the afforestation of a semiarid site with Pinus halepensis. Appl Soil Ecol. 19(3):199-208.
  • Carter MR, Campbell AJ. 2006. Influence of tillage and liquid swine manure on productivity of a soybean-barley rotation and some properties of a fine sandy loam in Prince Edward Island. Can J Soil Sci. 86:741-748.
  • Castro-Gomes JP, Silva AP, Cano RP, Durán Suárez J, Albuquerque A. 2012. Potential for reuse of tungsten mining waste-rock in technical-artistic value added products. J Cleaner Prod. 25:34-41.
  • Chantigny MH, Rochette P, Angers DA. 2001. Short-term C and N dynamics in a soil amended with pig slurry and barley straw: a field experiment. Can J Soil Sci. 81:131-137.
  • Clemente AS, Werner C, Máguas C, Cabral MS, Martins-Louçao MA, Correia O. 2004. Restoration of a limestone quarry: effect of soil amendments on the establishment of native Mediterranean sclerophyllous shrubs. Restor Ecol. 12:20-28.
  • Clemente R, de la Fuente C, Moral R, Bernal MP. 2007. Changes in microbial biomass parameters of a heavy metal-contaminated calcareous soil during a field remediation experiment. J Environ Qual. 36(4):1137-1144.
  • Clough A, Skjemstad JO. 2000. Physical and chemical protection of soil organic carbon in three agricultural soils with different contents of calcium carbonate. Aust J Soil Res. 38:1005-1016.
  • Conesa HM, Faz A. 2009. Metal uptake by naturally occurring vegetation in a metal polluted salt marsh in southeast Spain. In: Faz A, Mermut AR, Arocena JM, Ortiz R, editors. Land Degradation and Rehabilitation. Reiskirchen (DE): Ed. Catena Verlag p. 287-294.
  • Cook BD, Allan DL. 1992. Dissolved organic carbon in old field soils: total amounts as a measure of available resources for soil mineralization. Soil Biol Biochem. 24:585-594.
  • Crescimanno G, Iovino M, Provenzano G. 1995. Influence of salinity and sodicity on soil structural and hydraulic characteristics. Soil Sci Soc Am. J 59:1701-1708.
  • De Gryze S, Six J, Brits C, Merckx R. 2005. A quantification of short-term macroaggregate dynamics: influences of wheat residue input and texture. Soil Biol Biochem. 37(1):55-66.
  • De Vries FT, Shade A. 2013. Control son soil microbial community stability under climate change. Front Microbiol. 4:1-16.
  • Dearden FM, Dehlin H, Wardle DA, Nilsson MC. 2006. Changes in the ratio of twig to foliage in litterfall with species composition, and consequences for decomposition across a long term chronosequence. Oikos 115:453-462.
  • Devine WD, Harrington CA, Leonard LP. 2007. Post-planting treatments increase growth of Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana Dougl. ex Hook.) seedlings. Restor Ecol. 15:212-222.
  • Diacono M, Montemurro F. 2010. Long-term effects of organic amendments on soil fertility. A review. Agron Sustain Dev. 30:401-422.
  • Directiva del Consejo 91/676/CEE , de 12 de diciembre de 1991, relativa a la protección de las aguas contra la contaminación producida por nitratos utilizados en la agricultura. Boletín Oficial del Estado. Madrid, 31 de diciembre de 1991, núm. 375. https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=DOUE-L-1991-82066.
  • Domene X, Mattana S, Ramírez W, Colón J, Jiménez P, Balanyà T, Bonmatí M. 2010. Bioassays prove the suitability of mining debris mixed with sewage sludge for land reclamation purposes. J Soils Sediments 10(1):30-44.
  • Dontsova KM, Bigham JM. 2005. Anionic polysaccharide sorption by clay minerals. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 69(4):1026-1035.
  • Duryea ML, English RJ, Hermansen LA. 1999. A comparison of landscape mulches: Chemical, allelopathic, and ecomposition properties. J Arboric 25:88-97.
  • Epelde L, Becerril JM, Barrutia O, González-Oreja JA, Garbisu C. 2010. Interactions between plant and rhizosphere microbial communities in a metalliferous soil. Environ Pollut. 158(5):1576-1583.
  • Epelde L, Mijangos I, Becerril JM, Garbisu C. 2009. Soil microbial community as bioindicator of the recovery of soil functioning derived from metal phytoextraction with sorghum. Soil Biol Biochem. 41(9):1788-1794.
  • Escós J, Alados CL, Pugnaire FI, Puigdefábregas J, Emlen J. 2000. Stress resistance strategy in an arid land shrub: Interactions between developmental instability and fractal dimension. J Arid Environ. 4:25-336.
  • Escribano MM, Mataix C, editors. 2007. La minería y el medio Ambiente. El recorrido de los minerales [Internet]. Madrid (ES): Consejería de Economía e Innovación Tecnológica, Dirección General de Industria, Energía y Minas; 1st ed. p. 201-221. Available from: http://conocelosaridos.org/pdfs/UT9_-_La_Mineria_y_el_Medio_Ambiente.pdf
  • Faz A, Carmona DM, Zanuzzi A, Mermut AR. 2008. Pig manure application for remediation of mine soils in Murcia province, SE Spain. Sci World J. 8:819-827.
  • Fernández C, Vega JA, Jiménez E, Fonturbel MT. 2011. Effectiveness of three post‐fire treatments at reducing soil erosion in Galicia (NW Spain). Int J Wildland Fire 20:104-114.
  • Fernández-Calviño D, Rousk J, Brookes PC, Bååth E. 2011. Bacterial pH-optima for growth track soil pH, but are higher than expected at low pH. Soil Biol Biochem. 43:1569-1575.
  • Fernández-Ugalde O, Barré P, Hubert F, Virto I, Girardin C, Ferrage E, Chenu C. 2013. Clay mineralogy differs qualitatively in aggregate-size classes: clay-mineral-based evidence for aggregate hierarchy in temperate soils. Eur J Soil Sci. 64(4):410-422.
  • Franzluebbers AJ. 2002. Water infiltration and soil structure related to organic matter and its stratification with depth. Soil Till Res. 66:197-205.
  • García C, Hernández T, Costa F. 1997. Potential use of dehydrogenase activity as an index of microbial activity in degraded soils. Commun. Soil Sci Plant Anal. 28:123-134.
  • García C, Hernández T, Costa F, Ceccanti B, Calcinai M. 1992. A chemicalstructural study of organic wastes and their humic acids during composting by means of pyrolysis-gas chromatography. Sci Total Environ. 119:157-168.
  • García-Orenes F, Guerrero C, Mataix-Solera J, Navarro-Pedreño J, Gómez I, Mataix J. 2005. Factors controlling the aggregate stability and bulk density in two different degraded soils amended with biosolids. Soil Till Res. 82:65-76.
  • García-Orenes F, Morugán-Coronado A, Zornoza R, Scow K. 2013. Changes in soil microbial community structure influenced by agricultural management practices in a Mediterranean agro-ecosystem. Plos One 8(11):e80522.
  • González-Ubierna S, Jorge-Mardomingo I, Carrero-González B, de la Cruz MT, Casermeiro MA. 2012. Soil organic matter evolution after the application of high doses of organic amendments in a Mediterranean calcareous soil. J Soils Sediments 12:1257-1268.
  • Grantz DA, Vaughn DL, Farber RJ, Kim B, Ashbaugh L, VanCuren T, Zink T. 1998. Transplanting native plants to revegetate abandoned farmland in the western Mojave Desert. J Environ Qual. 27:960-967.
  • Griffith GS, Bardgett RD. 2008. Influence of resource unit distribution and quality on the activity of soil fungi in a particulate medium. New Phytol. 148:143-151.
  • Gunn J, Bailey D. 1993. Limestone quarrying and quarry reclamation in Britain. Environ Geol. 21(3):167-172.
  • Hahn AS, Quideau SA. 2013. Long-term effects of organic amendments on the recovery of plant and soil microbial communities following disturbance in the Canadian boreal forest. Plant Soil 363(1-2):331-344.
  • Harris J. 2009. Soil microbial communities and restoration ecology: facilitators or followers? Science 325:573-574.
  • Hemmat A, Aghilinategh N, Sadeghi M. 2010. Shear strength of repacked remoulded samples of a calcareous soil as affected by long-term incorporation of three organic manures in central Iran. Biosyst Eng. 107(3):251-261.
  • Heneghan L, Miller SP, Baer S, Callaham MA, Montgomery J, Pavao-Zuckerman M, Richardson S. 2008. Integrating soil ecological knowledge into restoration management. Restor Ecol. 16(4):608-617.
  • Hortal S, Bastida F, Moreno JL, Armas C, García C, Pugnaire FI. 2015. Benefactor and allelopathic shrub species have different effects on the soil microbial community along an environmental severity gradient. Soil Biol Biochem. 88:48-57.
  • Huang L, Zhang P, Hu Y, Zhao Y. 2015. Vegetation succession and soil infiltration characteristics under different aged refuse dumps at the Heidaigou opencast coal mine. Global Ecology and Conservation 4:255-263.
  • Hueso S, Hernández T, García C. 2011. Resistance and resilience of the soil microbial biomass to severe drought in semiarid soils: the importance of organic amendments. Appl Soil Ecol. 50:27-36.
  • Hueso-González P, Martínez-Murillo JF, Ruiz-Sinoga JD. 2014. The impact of organic amendments on forest soil properties under Mediterranean climatic conditions. Land Degrad Dev. 25:604-612.
  • Hueso-González P, Ruiz-Sinoga JD, Martínez-Murillo JF, Lavee H. 2015. Geomorphology Overland flow generation mechanisms affected by topsoil treatment: application to soil conservation. Geomorphology 228:796-804.
  • IUSS Working Group WRB. 2015. World Reference Base for Soil Resources 2014, update 2015. International soil classification system for naming soils and creating legends for soil maps. World Soil Resources Reports No. 106. Rome: FAO.
  • Jacobs DF, Haase DL, Rose R. 2005. Growth and foliar nutrition of Douglas-fir seedlings provided with supplemental polymer-coated fertilizer. West J Appl For. 20:58-63.
  • Jorba M, Romanyà J, Rovira P, Hereter A, Josa R, Vallejo R. 2002. La restauración ecológica aplicada a la minería a cielo abierto en Cataluña. Ingeopres 106:56-63.
  • Jorba M, Vallejo R. 2008. La restauración ecológica de canteras: un caso con aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas y riegos. Ecosistemas 17(3):119-132.
  • Kabas S, Faz A, Acosta JA, Arocena JM, Zornoza R, Martínez-Martínez S, Carmona DM. 2014. Marble wastes and pig slurry improve the environmental and plant-relevant properties of mine tailings. Environ Geochem Hlth. 36(1):41-54.
  • Kabas S, Faz A, Acosta JA, Zornoza R, Martínez-Martínez S, Carmona DM, Bech J. 2012. Effect of marble waste and pig slurry on the growth of native vegetation and heavy metal mobility in a mine tailing pond. J Geochem Explor. 123:69-76.
  • Kandeler F, Kampichler C, Horak O, Kandeler E, Kampichler C, Horak O. 1996. Influence of heavy metals on the functional diversity of soil microbial communities. Biol Fertil Soils 23:299-306.
  • Kelly CN, Peltz CD, Stanton M, Rutherford DW, Rostad CE. 2014. Biochar application to hardrock mine tailings: soil quality, microbial activity, and toxic element sorption. Appl Geochem. 43:35-48.
  • King EG, Franz TE, Caylor KK. 2012. Ecohydrological interactions in a degraded two-phase mosaic dryland: Implications for regime shifts, resilience, and restoration. Ecohydrology 5:733-745.
  • Kruse R, Bend E, Bierzychudek P. 2004. Native plant regeneration and introduction of non-natives following post‐fire rehabilitation with straw mulch and barley seeding. Forest Ecol Manag. 196:299-310.
  • Kulmatiski A, Beard KH, Stevens JR, Cobbold SM. 2008. Plant-soil feedbacks: a meta-analytical review. Ecol Lett. 11(9):980-992.
  • Laliberté E, Bouchard A, Cogliastro A. 2008. Optimizing hardwood reforestation in old fields: The effects of treeshelters and environmental factors on tree seedling growth and physiology. Restor Ecol. 16:270-280.
  • Lazcano C, Gómez-Brandón M, Revilla P, Domínguez J. 2013. Short-term effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil microbial community structure and function: a field study with sweet corn. Biol Fertil Soils 49:723-733.
  • Lehmann A, Rillig MC. 2015. Understanding mechanisms of soil biota involvement in soil aggregation: A way forward with saprobic fungi? Soil Biol Biochem. 88:298-302.
  • Levy GJ. Torrento JR. 1995. Clay dispersion and macroaggregate stability as affected by exchangeable potassium and sodium. Soil Sci. 160:352-358.
  • Li J, Cooper JM, Lin ZA, Li YT, Yang XD, Zhao BQ. 2015. Soil microbial community structure and function are significantly affected by long-term organic and mineral fertilization regimes in the North China Plain. Appl Soil Ecol. 96:75-87.
  • Lucas ST, D’Angelo EM, Williams MA. 2014. Improving soil structure by promoting fungal abundance with organic soil amendments. Appl Soil Ecol. 75:13-23.
  • Luna L, Miralles I, Andrenelli, MC, Gispert M, Pellegrini S, Vignozzi N, Solé-Benet A. 2016a. Restoration techniques affect soil organic carbon, glomalin and aggregate stability in degraded soils of a semiarid Mediterranean region. Catena 143:256-264.
  • Luna L, Miralles I, Lázaro R, Contreras S, Solé-Benet A. 2018. Effect of soil properties and hydrologic characteristics on plants in a restored calcareous quarry under a transitional arid to semiarid climate. Ecohydrology 11(6):e1896.
  • Luna L, Pastorelli R, Bastida F, Hernández T, García C, Miralles I, Solé-Benet A. 2016b. The combination of quarry restoration strategies in semiarid climate induces different responses in biochemical and microbiological soil properties. Appl Soil Ecol. 107:33-47.
  • Maisto G, De Marco A, De Nicola F, Arena C, Vitale L, Virzo De Santo A. 2010. Suitability of two types of organic wastes for the growth of sclerophyllous shrubs on limestone debris: a mesocosm trial. Sci Total Environ. 408:1508-1514.
  • MAPA (Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación) [Internet]. 2019. Madrid (ES): Sistema integral de trazabilidad animal. Informe SITRAN (enero 2019); c2019 [cited 2019 Oct 16]. Available from: https://www.mapa.gob.es/es/ganaderia/temas/trazabilidad-animal/registro/default.aspx.
  • Marschner P, Kandeler E, Marschner B. 2003. Structure and function of the soil microbial community in a long-term fertilizer experiment. Soil Biol Biochem. 35:453-461.
  • Masciandaro G, Ceccanti B, Benedicto S, Lee HC, Cook HF. 2004. Enzyme activity and C and N pools in soil following application of mulches. Can J Soil Sci. 84:19-30.
  • Méndez MO, Glenn EP, Maier R. 2007. Phytostabilization potential of quailbush for mine tailings: growth metal accumulation, and microbial community changes. J Environ Qual. 36:245-253.
  • Mingorance MD, Rossini Oliva S, Valdés B, Pina Gata FJ, Leidi EO, Guzmán I, Peña A. 2014. Stabilized municipal sewage sludge addition to improve properties of an acid mine soil for plant growth. J Soils Sediments 14:703-712.
  • Miralles I, Ortega R, Almendros G, Sánchez-Marañón M, Soriano M. 2009. Soil quality and organic carbon ratios in mountain agroecosystems of South-east Spain. Geoderma 150(1-2):120-128.
  • Mondini C, Cayuela ML, Sinicco T, Sánchez-Monedero MA, Bertolone E, Bardi L. 2008. Soil application of meat and bone meal. Short-term effects on mineralization dynamics and soil biochemical and microbiological properties. Soil Biol Biochem. 40(2):462-474.
  • Moreno de las Heras M, Nicolau JM, Espigares T. 2008. Vegetation succession in reclaimed coal-mining slopes in a Mediterranean-dry environment. Ecol Eng. 34:168-178.
  • Moreno-Peñaranda R, Lloret F, Alcañiz JM. 2004. Effects of sewage sludge on plant community composition in restored limestone quarries. Restor Ecol. 12:290-296.
  • Mukhopadhyay S, Masto RE, Yadav A, George J, Ram LC, Shukla SP. 2016. Soil quality index for evaluation of reclaimed coal mine spoil. Sci Total Environ. 542:540-550.
  • Muñoz-Rojas M, Erickson TE, Martini D, Dixon KW, Merritt DJ. 2016. Soil physicochemical and microbiological indicators of short, medium and long term post-fire recovery in semi-arid ecosystems. Ecol Indic. 63:14-22.
  • Nannipieri P. 2006. Role of stabilised enzymes in microbial ecology and enzyme extraction from soil with potential applications in soil proteomics. Soil Biol. 8:75-94.
  • Navarro-Pedreño J, Moral R, Gómez I, Mataix J. 1995. Residuos orgánicos y agricultura. Alicante (ES): S.P. Universidad de Alicante.
  • Ojeda G, Ortiz O, Medina CR, Perera I, Alcañiz JM. 2015. Carbon sequestration in a limestone quarry mine soil amended with sewage sludge. Soil Use Manage. 31(2):270-278.
  • Oliet JA, Artero F, Cuadros S, Puértolas J, Luna L, Grau JM. 2012. Deep planting with shelters improves performance of different stocktype sizes under arid Mediterranean conditions. New Forest 43:925-939.
  • Ortiz O, Ojeda G, Espelta JM, Alcañiz JM. 2012. Improving substrate fertility to enhance growth and reproductive ability of a Pinus halepensis Mill. afforestation in a restored limestone quarry. New Forest 43(3):365-381.
  • Pardo T, Clemente R, Bernal MP. 2011. Effects of compost, pig slurry and lime on trace element solubility and toxicity in two soils differently affected by mining activities. Chemosphere 84(5):642-650.
  • Park JH, Choppala GK, Bolan NS, Chung JW, Chusavathi T. 2011. Biochar reduces the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of heavy metals. Plant Soil 348:439-451.
  • Pascual JA, García C, Hernández T, Ayuso M. 1997. Changes in the microbial activity of an arid soil amended with urban organic wastes. Biol Fertil Soils 24:429-434.
  • Pérez de Mora A, Ortega-Calvo JJ, Cabrera F, Madejón E. 2005. Changes in enzyme activities and microbial biomass after ‘‘in situ’’ remediation of a heavy metal-contaminated soil. Appl Soil Ecol. 28:125-137.
  • Pérez-Gimeno A, Navarro-Pedreño J, Almendro-Candel MB, Gómez I, Jordán MM. 2016. Environmental consequences of the use of sewage sludge compost and limestone outcrop residue for soil restoration: salinity and trace elements pollution. J Soils Sediments 16:1012-1021.
  • Peu P, Birgand F, Martinez J. 2007. Long term fate of slurry derived nitrogen in soil: a case study with a macro-lysimeter experiment having received high loads of pig slurry (Solepur). Bioresource Technol. 98:3228-3234.
  • Piñol J, Lledó MJ, Escarré A. 1991. Hydrological balance of two Mediterranean forested catchments (Prades, northeast Spain). Hydrolog Sci J. 36:95-107.
  • Plaza C, García-Gil JC, Polo A. 2005. Effects of pig slurry application on soil chemical properties under semiarid conditions. Agrochimica 49:87-92.
  • Plaza C, García-Gil JC, Polo A. 2007. Microbial activity in pig slurry amended soils under aerobic incubation. Biodegradation 18:159-165.
  • Qiu Y, Wang Y, Xie Z. 2014. Long-term gravel–sand mulch affects soil physicochemical properties, microbial biomass and enzyme activities in the semi-arid Loess Plateau of North-western China. Acta Agric. Scand. Sect. B. Soil Plant Sci. 64:294-303.
  • Rathinasabapathi B, Ferguson J, Gal M. 2005. Evaluation of Allelopathic potential of wood chips for weed suppression in horticultural production systems. Hort Sci. 40:711-713.
  • Rillig MC. 2004. Arbuscular mycorrhizae, glomalin, and soil aggregation. Can J Soil Sci. 84(4):355-363.
  • Risser JA, Baker DE. 1990. Testing Soils for Toxic Metals. In: Westerman RL, editor. Soil Testing and plant analysis, 3rd ed. Madison: Soil Science Society of America, Inc. p. 275-298.
  • Rochette P, Angers DA, Cote D. 2000. Soil carbon and nitrogen dynamics following application of pig slurry for the 19th consecutive year: I. Carbon dioxide fluxes and microbial biomass carbon. Soil Sci Soc Am J. 64:1389-1395.
  • Rokich D. 1999. Banksia woodland restoration. Nedlands (AU): The University of Western Australia.
  • Ros M, Hernández MT, García C. 2003. Soil microbial activity after restoration of a semiarid soil by organic amendments. Soil Biol Biochem. 35:463-469.
  • Roundy BA, Farmer M, Olson J, Petersen S, Nelson DR, Davis J, Vernon J. 2017. Runoff and sediment response to tree control and seeding on a high soil erosion potential site in Utah: Evidence for reversal of an abiotic threshold. Ecohydrology 10:e1775.
  • Rousk J, Brookes PC, Bååth E. 2009. Contrasting soil pH effects on fungal and bacterial growth suggests functional redundancy in carbon mineralisation. Appl Environ Microbiol. 75:1589-1596.
  • Rousk J, Brookes PC, Bååth E. 2010. The microbial PLFA composition as affected by pH in an arable soil. Soil Biol Biochem. 42:516-520.
  • Salazar M, Bosch AD, Estudillos G, Poch RM. 2009. Rehabilitation of semiarid coal spoil bank soils with mine spoils and farm by-products. Arid Land Res Manag. 23(4):327-341.
  • Salazar M, Poch RM, Bosch AD. 2002. Reclamation of steeply sloping coal spoil banks under Mediterranean semi-arid climate. Aust J Soil Res. 40:827-845.
  • Santana VM, Alday JG, Baeza MJ. 2014. Mulch application as post-fire rehabilitation treatment does not affect vegetation recovery in ecosystems dominated by obligate seeders. Ecol Eng. 71:80-86.
  • Santos ES, Abreu MM, Macías F, de Varennes A. 2014. Improvement of chemical and biological properties of gossan mine wastes following application of amendments and growth of Cistus ladanifer. L J Geochem Explor. 147:173-181.
  • Schimel J, Balser TC, Wallenstein M. 2007. Microbial stress-response physiology and its implications for ecosystem function. Ecology 88:1386-1394.
  • Senesi N, Plaza C, Brunetti G, Polo A. 2007. A comparative survey of recent results on humic-like fractions in organic amendments and effects on native soil humic substances. Soil Biol Biochem. 39(6):1244-1262.
  • Shafi M, Bakht J, Jan MT, Shah Z. 2007. Soil C and N dynamics and maize (Zea may L.) yield as affected by cropping systems and residue management in North-western Pakistan. Soil Till Res. 94(2):520-529.
  • Shao P, Gu W, Dai QY, Makoto S, Liu Y. 2014. Efectividad de las coberturas de geotextil para restauración pendiente en las áreas semiáridas del norte de China. Catena 116:1-9.
  • Sheoran V, Sheoran AS, Poonia P. 2010. Role of hyperaccumulators in phytoextraction of metals from contaminated mining sites: A Review. Crit Rev Env Sci Tec. 41(2):168-214.
  • Shrestha RK, Lal R. 2006. Ecosystem carbon budgeting and soil carbon sequestration in reclaimed mine soil. Environ Int. 32:781-796.
  • Six J, Bossuyt H, Degryze S, Denef K. 2004. A history of research on the link between (micro)aggregates, soil biota, and soil organic matter dynamics. Soil Till Res. 79(1):7-31.
  • Smith JM, Smith NH, O´Rourke M, Spratt BG. 1993. How clonal are bacteria? Proc Natl Acad Sci. 90(10):4384-4388.
  • Soliveres S, Monerris J, Cortina J. 2012. Irrigation, organic fertilization and species successional stage modulate the response of woody seedlings to herbaceous competition in a semi-arid quarry restoration. Appl Veg Sci. 15(2):175-186.
  • Sort X, Alcañiz JM. 1996. Contribution of sewage sludge to erosion control in the rehabilitation of limestone quarries. Land Degrad Dev. 7(1):69-76.
  • Tejada M, Hernandez MT, Garcia C. 2009. Soil restoration using composted plant residues: Effects on soil properties. Soil Till Res. 102(1):109-117.
  • Tisdall JM, Oades JM. 1982. Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils. J Soil Sci 33(2):141-163.
  • Tromble JM. 1987. Water interception by two arid land shrubs. J Arid Environ. 15:65-70.
  • Valdecantos A, Baeza MJ, Vallejo VR. 2009. Vegetation management for promoting ecosystem resilience in fire-prone Mediterranean shrublands. Restor Ecol. 17:414-421.
  • Valdecantos A, Cortina J, Vallejo VR. 2011. Differential field response of two Mediterranean tree species to inputs of sewage sludge at the seedling stage. Ecol Eng. 37:1350-1359.
  • Wang J, Li Q, Qi R, Tandoi V, Yang M. 2014. Sludge bulking impact on relevant bacterial populations in a full-scale municipal wastewater treatment plant. Process Biochem. 49:2258-2265.
  • Wright SF, Upadhyaya A. 1998. A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Plant Soil 198:97-107.
  • Ye ZH, Shu WS, Zhang ZQ, Lan CY, Wong MH. 2002. Evaluation of major constraints to revegetation of lead/zinc mine tailings using bioassay techniques. Chemosphere 47(10):1103-1111.
  • Zanuzzi A, Arocena JM, van Mourik JM, Faz A. 2009. Amendments with organic and industrial wastes stimulate soil formation in mine tailings as revealed by micromorphology. Geoderma 154(1-2):69-75.
  • Zhou W, Hui D, Shen W. 2014. Effects of soil moisture on the temperature sensitivity of soil heterotrophic respiration: a laboratory incubation study. Plos One 9(3):e92531.
  • Zink TA, Allen MF. 1998. The effects of organic amendments on the restoration of a disturbed coastal sage scrub habitat. Restor Ecol. 6:52-58.
  • Zornoza R, Acosta JA, Faz A, Bååth E. 2016. Microbial growth and community structure in acid mine soils after addition of different amendments for soil reclamation. Geoderma 272:64-72.
  • Zornoza R, Faz Á, Carmona DM, Acosta JA, Martínez S, De Vreng A. 2013. Carbon mineralization, microbial activity and metal dynamics in tailing ponds amended with pig slurry and marble waste. Chemosphere 90(10):2606-2613.
  • Zornoza R, Faz A, Carmona DM, Martínez S, Acosta JA. 2012. Plant cover and soil biochemical properties in a mine tailing pond five years after application of marble wastes and organic amendments. Pedosphere 22(1):22-32.
  • Zornoza R, Faz Á, Martínez S, Acosta JA, Gómez MD, Muñoz MA, Sánchez R, Murcia FJ, Fernández FJ, López E, Espín A. 2017. Rehabilitación de una presa de residuos mineros mediante la aplicación de lodo de mármol y purín de cerdo para el desarrollo de una fitoestabilización asistida. Bol Geo Min. 128(2):421-435.