Impact of the Pandemic on STEAM Disciplines in the Sixth Grade of Primary Education
- Pablo Dúo Terrón 1
- Francisco-Javier Hinojo-Lucena 1
- Antonio-José Moreno-Guerrero 1
- Jesús López-Belmonte 1
-
1
Universidad de Granada
info
ISSN: 2174-8144, 2254-9625
Datum der Publikation: 2022
Ausgabe: 12
Nummer: 8
Seiten: 989-1005
Art: Artikel
Andere Publikationen in: EJIHPE: European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education
Zusammenfassung
The demand for professionals entering the labor market requires knowledge and disciplines in the areas of Science, Technology, Engineering, Art and Mathematics (STEAM). Schools are the first link to train competent students for today’s society. However, the pandemic has conditioned the teaching–learning methodologies based on promoting STEAM in educational centers, which is the reason that leads us to carry out this study. The main objective of the research is to evaluate the STEAM dimensions in the sixth grade of primary education in times of pandemic. The study method is based on a quasi-experimental, descriptive and correlational design with an experimental group and a control group. The data are collected through a validated questionnaire, pre-test and post-test, which develops an assessment of student collaboration in STEAM activities. The sample is made up of 142 Spanish students, of which 68 belong to the control group and 74 to the experimental group. The conclusions of the study highlight that the active methodologies, based on computational thinking and on makerspaces of the future classroom, influenced the STEAM dimensions of the experimental group before the pandemic. However, the pandemic and the health restrictions in face-to-face classes led to a negative assessment of the experimental group in the STEAM dimensions.
Bibliographische Referenzen
- Choi, I. A Study on Spatial Characteristics of Flipped Learning-based STEAM Educational Environment. J. Korea Inst. Spat. Des. 2022, 17, 33–34.
- Chan, P.; Hyun, J. Review on Teachers’ Digital Competency Based on Digital Technology Integration Model for 2022 Revised Curriculum. J. Korean Assoc. Comput. Educ. 2022, 25, 17–27.
- Vargas, J.; Cuero, J.; Riveros, F. Digital transformation and STEAM approach, an alternative in times of COVID-19. J. Spaces 2020, 41, 326–334.
- Casado, R.; Checa, M. Robotics and STEAM Projects: Development of creativity in Primary Education classrooms. Píxel-Bit Rev. Medios Educ. 2020, 58, 51–69.
- Ruíz, F.; Zapatera, A.; Montes, N. Curriculum analysis and design, implementation, and validation of a STEAM project through educational robotics in primary education. Comput. Appl. Eng. Educ. 2020, 29, 160–174.
- Sánchez, E. STEAM education and the “maker” culture. J. Parents Teach. 2019, 379, 45–51.
- Toma, R.B.; Greca, I.M. The effect of integrative STEM instruction on elementary students’ atitudes toward science. Eurasia J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ. 2018, 14, 1383–1395.
- Kim, J.O.; Kim, J. Development and Application of Art Based STEAM Education Program Using Educational Robot. Int. J. Mob. Blended Learn. 2018, 10, 46–57.
- Conradty, C.; Bogner, F.X. How Creativity in STEAM Modules Intervenes with Self-Efficacy and Motivation. Educ. Sci. 2020, 10, 70.
- Santillán, J.; Vaca, V.; Santos, R.; Jaramillo, E. Steam Methodology, as a Resource for Learning in Higher Education. In INTED2020, Proceedings of the 14th International Technology, Education and Development Conference, Valencia, Spain, 2–4 March 2020; IATED: Valencia, Spain, 2020; pp. 7298–7308.
- Makrakis, V. From STEM to STEAM and to STREAM enabled through meaningful critical reflective learning. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Innovating STEM Education, Marousi, Greece, 24–28 June 2018; Available online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346965218_From_STEM_to_STEAM_and_to_STREAM_enabled_through_ meaningful_critical_reflective_learning (accessed on 21 July 2022).
- Marín, J.A.; Moreno, A.J.; Dúo, P.; López, J. STEAM in education: A bibliometric analysis of performance and co-words in Web of Science. Int. J. STEM Educ. 2021, 8, 41.
- Ozkan, G.; Umdu, U. Exploring the effectiveness of STEAM design processes on high school students’ creativity. Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ. 2021, 31, 95–116.
- Colucci, L.; Burnard, P.; Gray, D.; Cooke, C. A Critical Review of STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics). Available online: https://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093- e-398 (accessed on 22 March 2022).
- Xue, H. A New Integrated Teaching Mode for Labor Education Course Based on STEAM Education. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn. 2022, 17, 128–142.
- Anisimova, T.; Sabirova, F.; Shatunova, O. Formation of Design and Research Competencies in Future Teachers in the Framework of STEAM Education. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn. 2020, 15, 204–217.
- Anito, J.; Morales, M.P. The Pedagogical Model of Philippine STEAM Education: Drawing Implications for the Reengineering of Philippine STEAM Learning Ecosystem. Univ. J. Educ. Res. 2019, 7, 2662–2669.
- Nepeina, K.; Istomina, N.; Bykova, O. The Role of Field Training in STEM Education: Theoretical and Practical Limitations of Scalability. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2020, 10, 511–529.
- Greca, I.; Ortiz, J.; Arriassecq, I. Design and evaluation of a STEAM teaching-learning sequence for primary education. J. Eureka Teach. Dissem. Sci. 2021, 18, 1802.
- Hong, J.C.; Ye, J.H.; Ho, Y.J.; Ho, H.Y. Developing inquiry and hands-on learning model to guide STEAM lesson planning for kindergarten children. J. Balt. Sci. Educ. 2020, 19, 908–922.
- De la Garza, A. Internationalizing the Curriculum for STEAM (STEM + Arts and Humanities): From Intercultural Competence to Cultural Humility. J. Stud. Int. Educ. 2019, 25, 123–135.
- Gao, X.; Li, P.; Shen, J.; Sun, H. Reviewing assessment of student learning in interdisciplinary STEM education. Int. J. STEM Educ. 2020, 7, 24.
- Staribratov, I.; Manolova, N. Application of mathematical models in graphic design. Math. Inform. 2022, 65, 72–81.
- Kazakoff, E.; Sullivan, A.; Bers, M. The Effect of a Classroom-Based Intensive Robotics and ProgrammingWorkshop on Sequencing Ability in Early Childhood. Early Child. Educ. J. 2012, 41, 244–255.
- Duo, P.; Hinojo, F.J.; Moreno, A.J.; López, J.A. STEAM in Primary Education. Impact on Linguistic and Mathematical Competences in a Disadvantaged Context. Front. Educ. 2022, 7, 792656.
- Dúo, P.; Moreno, A.J.; Marín, J.A. ICT Motivation in Sixth-Grade Students in Pandemic Times. The Influence of Gender and Age. Educ. Sci. 2022, 12, 183.
- Huang, F. Effects of the Application of STEAM Education on Students’ Learning Attitude and Outcome. The Case of Fujian Chuanzheng Communications College. Rev. Cercet. Interv. Soc. 2020, 69, 349–356.
- Elmi, C. Integrating Social Emotional Learning Strategies in Higher Education. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2020, 10, 848–858.
- Davies, R.; Trowsdaleb, J. The culture of disciplines: Reconceptualising multi-subject curricula. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 47, 1434–1446.
- Pahmi, S.; Juandi, D.; Sugiarn, R. The Effect of STEAM in Mathematics Learning on 21st Century Skills: A Systematic Literature Reviews. PRISMA 2022, 11, 93–104.
- Chung, S.K.; Li, D. Issues-Based STEAM education: A case study in a Hong Kong secondary school. Int. J. Educ. Arts 2021, 22, n3.
- Chan, P.; Hyun, J. K-TIHM: Korean Technology Integration Hierarchy Model for Teaching and Learning in STEAM Education. J. Korean Soc. Inf. Technol. 2020, 10, 111–123.
- Chang, D.; Hwang, G.J.; Chang, S.C.; Shen, Y. Promoting students’ cross-disciplinary performance and higher order thinking: A peer assessment-facilitated STEM approach in a mathematics course. Educ. Technol. Res. Dev. 2021, 69, 3281–3306.
- Urgiles, B.E.; Tixi, K.G.; Allauca, M.E. STEAM methodology in academic environments. Dominio Cienc. 2022, 8, 113–125.
- Dubek, M.; DeLuca, C.; Rickey, N. Unlocking the potential of STEAM education: How exemplary teachers navigate assessment challenges. J. Educ. Res. 2021, 114, 513–525.
- Al-Mutawah, M.A.; Thomas, R.; Preji, N.; Alghazo, Y.M.; Mahmoud, E.Y. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework for A STEAMBased Integrated Curriculum. J. Posit. Sch. Psychol. 2022, 6, 5045–5067. Available online: https://mail.journalppw.com/index. php/jpsp/article/view/7468/4872 (accessed on 20 July 2022).
- Subramaniam, V.; Karpudewan, M.; Roth,W.M. Unveiling the Teachers’ Perceived Self-efficacy to Practice Integrated STrEaM Teaching. Asia-Pac. Educ. Res. 2022.
- Lim, S.; Tan, K. Teaching Descriptive Writing via Google Classroom Stream: Perception Among Year 6 Primary Students. Theory Pract. Lang. Stud. 2022, 12, 647–657.
- Bati, K.; Yeti¸sir, M.; Çali¸skan, I.; Gunes, G.; Saçan, E. Teaching the concept of time: A steam-based program on computational thinking in science education. Cogent Educ. 2018, 5, 1507306.
- Moreno, J.; Robles, G.; Román, M.; Rodríguez, J.D. Not the same: A text network analysis on computational thinking definitions to study its relationship with computer programming. RIITE. Interuniv. J. Res. Educ. Technol. 2019, 7, 26–35.
- González, M.O.; González, Y.A.; Muñoz, C. Panorama of educational robotics in favor of STEAM learning. Eureka J. Sci. Teach. Dissem. 2021, 18, 230101.
- Tengler, K.; Kastner, O.; Sabitzer, B.; Lavicza, Z. The Effect of Robotics-Based Storytelling Activities on Primary School Students’ Computational Thinking. Educ. Sci. 2022, 12, 10.
- Su, Y.-S.; Shao, M.; Zhao, L. Effect of Mind Mapping on Creative Thinking of Children in Scratch Visual Programming Education. J. Educ. Comput. Res. 2022, 60, 906–929.
- Rodríguez, J.; Moreno, J.; Román, M.; Robles, G. Evaluation of an Online Intervention to Teach Artificial Intelligence with LearningML to 10–16-Year-Old Students. In Proceedings of the 52nd ACM Technical Symposium on Computer Science Education (SIGCSE ’21), Virtual Event, 13–20 March 2021; Association for Computing Machinery: New York, NY, USA, 2021; pp. 177–183.
- Conradty, C.; Bogner, F.X. STEAM teaching professional development works: Effects on students’ creativity and motivation. Smart Learn. Environ. 2020, 7, 26.
- Herro, D.; Quigley, C.; Andrews, J.; Delacruz, G. Co-Measure: Developing an assessment for student collaboration in STEAM activities. Int. J. STEM Educ. 2017, 4, 26.
- Álvarez, M. Development of computational thinking in primary education: An educational experience with Scratch. J. Educ. Sci. 2017, 1, 45–64.
- Roig, R.; Moreno, V. Computational thinking in Education. Bibliometric and thematic analysis. Rev. Educ. Distancia 2020, 20, 3.
- Royal Decree 157/2022, of 1 March, Which Establishes the Organization and Minimum Teachings of Primary Education—State Official Bulletin No. 52; Ministry of Education and Vocational Training: Madrid, Spain, 2 March 2022; pp. 24386–24504. Available online: https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/2022/03/01/157 (accessed on 18 June 2022).
- Yunusova, G. Programming and robotics based in steam learning. Am. J. Interdiscip. Res. Dev. 2022, 2, 58–87. Available online: https://ajird.journalspark.org/index.php/ajird/article/view/18 (accessed on 20 July 2022).
- Rodríguez, J.D.; Moreno, J.; Román, M.; Robles, G. LearningML: A Tool to Foster Computational Thinking Skills through Hands-on Artificial Intelligence Projects. Rev. Educ. Distancia 2020, 20, 7.
- Dúo, P.; López, L.; Pozo, S.; Carmona, N. Computational thinking in education. In Didactic Proposals and Research in the Higher Education; Carrión, J.J., López, L., Reyes, M., Pérez, E., Eds.; Dykinson Book: Madrid, Spain, 2022; pp. 49–56.
- Chondrogiannis, E.; Symeonaki, E.; Papachristos, D.; Loukatos, D.; Arvanitis, K.G. Computational Thinking and STEM in Agriculture Vocational Training: A Case Study in a Greek Vocational Education Institution. Eur. J. Investig. Health Psychol. Educ. 2021, 11, 230–250.
- Tenhovirta, S.; Korhonen, T.; Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, P.; Hakkarainen, K. Cross-age peer tutoring in a technology-enhanced STEAM project at a lower secondary school. Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ. 2022, 32, 1701–1723.
- Herro, D.; Quigley, C.; Abimbade, O. Assessing elementary students’ collaborative problem-solving in makerspace activities. Int. J. Technol. Des. Educ. 2021, 122, 774–794.
- Juskeviciene, A. STEAM Teacher for a Day: A Case Study of Teachers’ Perspectives on Computational Thinking. Inform. Educ. 2020, 19, 33–50.
- Webb, D.; LoFaro, K. Sources of engineering teaching self-efficacy in a STEAM methods course for elementary preservice teachers. Sch. Sci. Math. 2020, 120, 209–219.
- Forte, J.; Ibarra, L.; Glasserman, L.D. Analysis of Creative Thinking Skills Development under Active Learning Strategies. Educ. Sci. 2021, 11, 621.
- Freundt, V. The Makerspace as a Space to Foster Creativity and Collaborative Learning in 4th and 5th Grade High School Students from a Public School in Callao from a Formal Educational Approach. Master’s Thesis, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, San Miguel, Peru, 2019. Available online: http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/13292 (accessed on 10 May 2022).
- Kumar, A.; Archana, G.S.; Deepti, K. Impact of AR-based collaborative learning approach on knowledge gain of engineering students in embedded system course. Educ. Inf. Technol. 2022, 82, 6015–6036.
- Ramos, M.; Cáceres, M.P.; Soler, R.; Marín, J.A. The use of ICTs to encourage reading in vulnerable contexts: A systematic review in the last decade. Texto Livre Belo Horiz.-MG 2020, 13, 240–261.
- Vázquez, E.; Gómez, J.; Infante, A.; López, E. Incidence of a Non-Sustainability Use of Technology on Students’ Reading Performance in Pisa. Sustainability 2020, 12, 749.
- Suarez, A.; García, D.; Martínez, P.; Torres, J. Contribution of educational robotics in the acquisition of mathematical knowledge in primary education/contribution of educational robotics in the acquisition of mathematical knowledge in primary education. Magister 2018, 30, 43–54.
- Tena, R.; Carrera, N. The future classroom lab as a framework for the development of competency-based learning and project work. Mex. J. Educ. Res. 2020, 25, 449–468. Available online: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S140 5-66662020000200449&lng=es&tlng=es (accessed on 17 May 2022).
- INTEF. Future Classroom; Ministry of Education and Vocational Training: Madrid, Spain, 2022. Available online: https://intef.es/ tecnologia-educativa/aula-de-futuro (accessed on 19 February 2022).
- Sucheta, K. Effectiveness of ‘STREAM based Learning Approach’ on Achievement in Science of Elementary School Students. Int. J. Innov. Sci. Res. Technol. 2022, 7, 16–20.
- Peña, B.; Caballero, M.E.; Mateo, F. Technological Innovation Project Application of the Classroom of the Future. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/55832732/Innovaci%C3%B3n_tecnol%C3%B3gica_aplicando_el_Aula_del_Futuro (accessed on 11 June 2022).
- Román, F.; Fores, A.; Calandri, I.; Gautreaux, R.; Antúnez, A.; Ordehi, D.; Calle, L.; Poenitz, V.; Correa, K.L.; Torresi, S.; et al. Resilience of teachers in mandatory preventive social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. J. Neuroeducation 2020, 1, 76–87.
- Government of Spain. Prevention, Hygiene and Health Promotion Measures against COVID-19 for Educational Centers in the 2020– 2021 Academic Year; Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education and Vocational Training: Madrid, Spain, 2020. Available online: https://www.educacionyfp.gob.es/dam/jcr:7e90bfc0-502b-4f18-b206-f414ea3cdb5c/medidas-centros-educativos-curso- 20-21.pdf (accessed on 17 May 2022).
- Corral, D.; Fernández, J.J. Education exposed after the pandemic of COVID-19. Shortcomings and challenges. Aularia 2021, 10, 21–28. Available online: https://www.aularia.org/Articulo.php?idart=422&idsec=5 (accessed on 17 May 2022).
- Mailizar, A.; Maulina, S.; Bruce, S. Secondary School Mathematics Teachers’ Views on E-learning Implementation Barriers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Case of Indonesia. Eurasia J. Math. Sci. Technol. Educ. 2020, 16, em1860. [CrossRef]
- García, R.O.; García, C.E. STEAM methodology and its use in Mathematics for high school students in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci. Domain 2020, 6, 163–180.
- Hernández, R.; Fernández, C.; Baptista, P. Definition of the scope of the research to be carried out: Exploratory, descriptive, correlational or explanatory. In Investigation Methodology, 6th ed.; Hernández, R., Fernández, C., Baptista, P., Eds.; MC Graw Hill Education: New York, NY, USA, 2014; pp. 88–101.
- López, J.A.; López, J.; Moreno, A.J.; Marín, J.A. Dietary Intervention through Flipped Learning as a Techno Pedagogy for the Promotion of Healthy Eating in Secondary Education. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17, 3007.
- Marín, J.A.; Soler, R.; Moreno, A.J.; López, J. Effectiveness of Diet Habits and Active Life in Vocational Training for Higher Technician in Dietetics: Contrast between the Traditional Method and the Digital Resources. Nutrients 2020, 12, 3475.
- Fernández, A. Social coexistence and linguistic challenges in Ceuta and Melilla. Hispanismes 2020, 16.
- INTEF. Network of Future Classroom Centers; Ministry of Education and Vocational Training: Madrid, Spain, 2022. Available online: https://auladelfuturo.intef.es/red-adf/ (accessed on 19 February 2022).
- Organic Law 2/2006, of 3 May on Education—Official State Bulletin, No. 106, of 4 May 2006. Available online: https://www.boe. es/eli/es/lo/2006/05/03/2 (accessed on 19 February 2022).
- Landis, J.R.; Koch, G.G. The measure of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometría 1977, 33, 159–174.
- Jöreskog, K.G. Analysis of Ordinal Variables 2: Cross-Sectional Data—Text of the Workshop “Structural Equation Modelling with LISREL 8.51”; Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena: Jena, Germany, 2001; pp. 116–119.