Effects of a brief preventive intervention in cyberbullying and grooming in adolescents

  1. Esther Calvete
  2. Nerea Cortazar
  3. Liria Fernández-González
  4. Ainara Echezarraga
  5. Marta Beranuy
  6. Ana León
  7. Joaquín González-Cabrera
  8. Izaskun Orue
Aldizkaria:
Psychosocial Intervention

ISSN: 1132-0559

Argitalpen urtea: 2021

Zenbakien izenburua: Bullying and Cyberbullying

Alea: 30

Zenbakia: 2

Orrialdeak: 75-84

Mota: Artikulua

DOI: 10.5093/PI2020A22 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openSarbide irekia editor

Beste argitalpen batzuk: Psychosocial Intervention

Garapen Iraunkorreko Helburuak

Laburpena

ABSTRACT The development of brief and inexpensive interventions that reduce risky behaviors in adolescence constitute a challenge for current research. This study addresses the prevention of two online behavior problems in adolescents (cyberbullying and online grooming). Two pilot studies evaluated the effects of a 1-hour intervention, which combined self-affirmation (SA) with the incremental theory of personality (ITP), for cyberbullying and online grooming. Study 1 involved 339 adolescents (51% male, mean age = 14.12 years, SD = 0.70), who were randomly assigned to the SA + ITP intervention or one of two control conditions. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that the SA + ITP intervention reduced the reciprocity between sexual solicitation and sexualized interaction with adults, as well as between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. Study 2 included 214 adolescents (50.3% male, mean age = 14.06 years, SD = 0.96), who were randomly assigned to the SA + ITP or a control condition. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated that the SA + ITP reduced the reciprocity between sexual solicitation and sexualized interaction with adults, and reduced cyberbullying perpetration. The studies provided preliminary evidence of the benefits of the SA + ITP intervention.

Erreferentzia bibliografikoak

  • Anderson, C. A,Buckley, K. E,Carnagey, N. L.. (2008). Creating your own hostile environment: A laboratory examination of trait aggressiveness and the violence escalation cycle. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. 34. 462
  • Anderson, C. A,Bushman, B. J.. (2002). The effects of media violence on society. Science. 295. 2377
  • Armitage, C. J,Rowe, R.. (2017). Evidence that self-affirmation reduces relational aggression: A proof of concept trial. Psychology of Violence. 7. 489
  • Bergen, E,Davidson, J,Schulz, A,Schuhmann, P,Johansson, A,Santtila, P,Jern, P.. (2014). The effects of using identity deception and suggesting secrecy on the outcomes of adult-adult and adult-child or -adolescent online sexual interactions. Victims and Offenders. 9. 276
  • Brady, S. T,Reeves, S. L,Garcia, J,Purdie-Vaughns, V,Cook, J. E,Taborsky-Barba, S,Tomasetti, S,Davis, E. M,Cohen, G. L.. (2016). The psychology of the affirmed learner: Spontaneous self-affirmation in the face of stress. Journal of Educational Psychology. 108. 353
  • Brannon, T. N,Walton, G. M.. (2013). Enacting cultural interests: How intergroup contact reduces prejudice by sparking interest in an out-group’s culture. Psychological Science. 24. 1947
  • Brisson, B. M,Dicke, A. L,Gaspard, H,Häfner, I,Flunger, B,Nagengast, B,Trautwein, U.. (2017). Short intervention, sustained effects: Promoting students’ math competence beliefs, effort, and achievement. American Educational Research Journal. 54. 1048
  • Calvete, E,Fernández-Gonzalez, L,Orue, I,Echezarraga, A,Royuela-Colomer, E,Cortazar, N,Muga, J,Longa, M,Yeager, D. S.. (2019). The effect of an intervention teaching adolescents that people can change on depressive symptoms, cognitive schemas, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis hormones. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 47. 1533
  • Calvete, E,Orue, I,Estévez, A,Villardón, L,Padilla, P.. (2010). Cyberbullying in adolescents: Modalities and aggressors’ profile. Computers in Human Behavior. 26. 1128
  • Calvete, E,Orue, I,Fernández-González, L,Prieto-Fidalgo, A.. (2019). Effects of an incremental theory of personality intervention on the reciprocity between bullying and cyberbullying victimization and perpetration in adolescents. PLoS ONE. 14. 1-17
  • Cohen, G. L,Sherman, D. K.. (2014). The psychology of change: Self-affirmation and social psychological intervention. Annual Review of Psychology. 65. 333
  • Cross, D,Shaw, T,Hadwen, K,Cardoso, P,Slee, P,Roberts, C,Thomas, L,Barnes, A.. (2016). Longitudinal impact of the Cyber Friendly Schools program on adolescents’ cyberbullying behavior. Aggressive Behavior. 42. 166
  • de Santisteban, P,Gámez-Guadix, M.. (2017). Estrategias de persuasión en grooming online de menores: un análisis cualitativo con agresores en prisión. Psychosocial Intervention. 26. 139
  • de Santisteban, P,Gámez-Guadix, M.. (2018). Prevalence and risk factors among minors for online sexual solicitations and interactions with adults. Journal of Sex Research. 55. 939
  • del Rey, R,Mora-Merchán, J,Casas, J,Ortega-Ruiz, R,Elipe, P.. (2018). ‘Asegúrate’ program: Effects on cyber-aggression and its risk factors. Comunicar. 26. 39-48
  • Epton, T,Harris, P. R,Kane, R,van Koningsbruggen, G. M,Sheeran, P.. (2014). The impact of self-affirmation on health-behavior change: A meta-analysis. Health Psychology. 34. 187
  • Erreygers, S,Vandebosch, H,Vranjes, I,Baillien, E,De Witte, H.. (2018). Positive or negative spirals of online behavior? Exploring reciprocal associations between being the actor and the recipient of prosocial and antisocial behavior online. New Media & Society. 20. 3437
  • Evans, C. B. R,Fraser, M. W,Cotter, K. L.. (2014). The effectiveness of school-based bullying prevention programs: A systematic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 19. 532
  • Fernández-González, L,Calvete, E,Sánchez-Álvarez, N.. (2020). Efficacy of a brief intervention based on an incremental theory of personality in the prevention of adolescent dating violence: A randomized controlled trial. Psychosocial Intervention. 29. 9-18
  • Fisher, B. W,Gardella, J. H,Teurbe-Tolon, A. R.. (2016). Peer cybervictimization among adolescents and the associated internalizing and externalizing problems: A meta-analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 45. 1727
  • Forni, G,Pietronigro, A,Tiwana, N,Gandolfi, C. E,Del Castillo, G,Mosillo, M,Pellai, A.. (2020). Little red riding hood in the social forest. Online grooming as a public health issue: A narrative review. Annali Di Igiene: Medicina Preventiva e Di Comunita. 32. 305
  • Gaffney, H,Farrington, D. P,Espelage, D. L,Ttofi, M. M.. (2019). Are cyberbullying intervention and prevention programs effective? A systematic and meta-analytical review. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 45. 134
  • Gámez-Guadix, M.. (2018). Prevención del online Grooming de menores: evaluación de un programa piloto en el contexto escolar. Paper presented at the 4th International Congress of Clinical and Health Psychology on Children and Adolescents. Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
  • Gámez-Guadix, M,Almendros, C,Calvete, E,De Santisteban, P.. (2018). Persuasion strategies and sexual solicitations and interactions in online sexual grooming of adolescents: Modeling direct and indirect pathways. Journal of Adolescence. 63.
  • Gámez-Guadix, M,De Santisteban, P,Alcazar, M. Á.. (2018). The construction and psychometric properties of the Questionnaire for Online Sexual Solicitation and Interaction of Minors With Adults. Sexual Abuse: Journal of Research and Treatment. 30. 975
  • Gámez-Guadix, M,Villa-George, F,Calvete, E.. (2014). Psychometric properties of the Cyberbullying Questionnaire (CBQ) among Mexican adolescents. Violence and Victims. 29. 232
  • Garaigordobil, M,Martínez-Valderrey, V.. (2015). Effects of Cyberprogram 2.0 on “face-to-face” bullying, cyberbullying, and empathy. Psicothema. 27. 45-51
  • Good, A,Abraham, C.. (2011). Can the effectiveness of health promotion campaigns be improved using self-efficacy and self-affirmation interventions? An analysis of sun protection messages. Psychology and Health. 26. 799-818
  • Gradinger, P,Yanagida, T,Strohmeier, D,Spiel, C.. (2016). Effectiveness and sustainability of the ViSC social competence program to prevent cyberbullying and cyber-victimization: Class and individual level moderators. Aggressive Behavior. 42. 181
  • Holfeld, B,Mishna, F.. (2018). Longitudinal associations in youth involvement as victimized, bullying, or witnessing cyberbullying. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 21. 234
  • Kenthirarajah, D,Walton, G. M.. (2015). How brief social-psychological interventions can cause enduring effects. Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences. 1-15
  • Machimbarrena, J. M,Calvete, E,Fernández-González, L,Álvarez-Bardón, A,Álvarez-Fernández, L,González-Cabrera, J.. (2018). Internet risks: An overview of victimization in cyberbullying, cyber dating abuse, sexting, online grooming and problematic internet use. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15. 2471
  • Miu, A. S,Yeager, D. S.. (2015). Preventing symptoms of depression by teaching adolescents that people can change: Effects of a brief incremental theory of personality intervention at 9-month follow-up. Clinical Psychological Science. 3. 726
  • Ng, E. D,Chua, J. Y. X,Shorey, S.. (2020). The effectiveness of educational interventions on traditional bullying and cyberbullying among adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse.
  • Ortega-Barón, J,Buelga, S,Ayllón, E,Martínez-Ferrer, B,Cava, M.-J.. (2019). Effects of intervention program Prev@cib on Traditional Bullying and Cyberbullying. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 16. 527
  • Royuela-Colomer, E,Calvete, E,Gámez-Guadix, M,Orue, I.. (2018). The protective role of dispositional mindfulness against the perpetuation of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration among adolescents. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking. 21. 703
  • Schleider, J. L,Weisz, J. R.. (2016). Reducing risk for anxiety and depression in adolescents: Effects of a single-session intervention teaching that personality can change. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 87. 170
  • Schleider, J,Weisz, J. R.. (2018). A single-session growth mindset intervention for adolescent anxiety and depression: 9-month outcomes of a randomized trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines. 59. 160
  • Silverman, A,Logel, C,Cohen, G. L.. (2013). Self-affirmation as a deliberate coping strategy: The moderating role of choice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 49. 93
  • Smith, P. K.. (2012). Cyberbullying: Challenges and opportunities for a research program-A response to Olweus (2012). European Journal of Developmental Psychology. 9. 553
  • Sorrentino, A,Baldry, A. C,Farrington, D. P.. (2018). The efficacy of the Tabby improved prevention and intervention program in reducing cyberbullying and cybervictimization among students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 15. 2536
  • Steele, C. M.. (1988). The psychology of self-affirmation: Sustaining the integrity of the self. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology. 21. 261-302
  • Stonard, K. E,Bowen, E,Lawrence, T. R,Price, S. A.. (2014). The relevance of technology to the nature, prevalence and impact of adolescent dating violence and abuse: A research synthesis. Aggression and Violent Behavior. 19. 390-417
  • Sweeney, A. M,Moyer, A.. (2015). Self-affirmation and responses to health messages: A meta-analysis on intentions and behavior. Health Psychology. 34. 149
  • Thomaes, S,Bushman, B. J,Orobio De Castro, B,Cohen, G. L,Denissen, J. J. A.. (2009). Reducing narcissistic aggression by buttressing self-esteem: An experimental field study. Psychological Science. 20. 1536
  • Walton, G. M.. (2014). The new science of wise psychological interventions. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 23. 73-82
  • Walton, G. M,Wilson, T. D.. (2018). Wise interventions: Psychological remedies for social and personal problems. Psychological Review. 125. 617
  • Williford, A,Elledge, L. C,Boulton, A. J,DePaolis, K. J,Little, T. D,Salmivalli, C.. (2013). Effects of the KiVa antibullying program on cyberbullying and cybervictimization frequency among Finnish youth. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology. 42. 820
  • Yeager, D. S,Dahl, R. E,Dweck, C. S.. (2018). Why interventions to influence adolescent behavior often fail but could succeed. Perspectives on Psychological Science. 13. 101
  • Yeager, D. S,Lee, H. Y,Espelage, D. L.. (2015). Declines in efficacy of anti-bullying programs among older adolescents: Theory and a three-level meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 37. 36-51
  • Yeager, D. S,Trzesniewski, K. H,Dweck, C. S.. (2013). An implicit theory of personality intervention reduces adolescent aggression in response to victimization and exclusion. Child Development. 84. 970