Study of VO2max and body composition in trained soldiers of the army special operations unit

  1. Mario Terol-Sanchis 1
  2. Carlos Elvira-Aranda 1
  3. María José Gomis-Gomis 1
  4. Mario Amatria-Jiménez 2
  5. Jose Antonio Pérez-Turpin 1
  1. 1 Universitat d'Alacant
    info

    Universitat d'Alacant

    Alicante, España

    ROR https://ror.org/05t8bcz72

  2. 2 Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca
    info

    Universidad Pontificia de Salamanca

    Salamanca, España

    ROR https://ror.org/02jj93564

Revue:
Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance

ISSN: 2794-0586

Année de publication: 2022

Volumen: 1

Número: 1

Pages: 28-35

Type: Article

DOI: 10.55860/HJMX3061 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openAccès ouvert editor

D'autres publications dans: Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance

Objectifs de Développement Durable

Résumé

The objective of this article was to establish comparisons between different special operations units of the army. 91 male subjects (mean ± Standard deviation; age: 33.05 ± 3.28 years; height: 1.77 ± 1.37 m; body weight 79.02 ± 1.59 kg), divided into 4 groups (mountain, diving, UEO and mobility), were evaluated through body composition and stress tests. A bioimpedance test was carried out to determine the different tissues and an incremental treadmill stress test with a gas analyser to establish the different physiological parameters. The results showed significant differences in terms of heart rate (HR) in the different thresholds (ventilatory threshold 1, ventilatory threshold 2 and maximum oxygen consumption) and in the speed reached in these (p < .05). On the other hand, with respect to body composition (muscle mass weight, % fat mass and fat weight), no significant differences were observed between the different groups analysed (p > .05).

Références bibliographiques

  • Bosch, T. A., Carbuhn, A. F., Stanforth, P. R., Oliver, J. M., Keller, K. A., & Dengel, D. R. (2019). Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density of Division 1 Collegiate Football Players: a Consortium of College Athlete Research Study. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33(5), 1339–1346. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001888 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001888
  • Bujnovsky, D., Maly, T., Ford, K. R., Sugimoto, D., Kunzmann, E., Hank, M., & Zahalka, F. (2019). Physical fitness characteristics of high-level youth football players: Influence of playing position. Sports, 7(2), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7020046 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7020046
  • Burtscher, M. (2004). Endurance performance of the elderly mountaineer: Requirements, limitations, testing, and training. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 116(21–22), 703–714. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-004-0258-y DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-004-0258-y
  • Burtscher, M. (2012). Climbing the Himalayas more safely. BMJ (Online), 344(7863), 13–15. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e3778 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.e3778
  • Burtscher, M., & Ponchia, A. (2010). The risk of cardiovascular events during leisure time activities at altitude. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 52(6), 507–511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2010.02.008 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcad.2010.02.008
  • Courel-Ibáñez, J., & Herrera-Gálvez, J. J. (2020). Fitness testing in padel: Performance differences according to players’ competitive level. Science and Sports, 35(1), e11–e19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2019.05.009 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2019.05.009
  • Draicchio, C., Martin, J. R., Fyock-Martin, M. B., & Merrigan, J. J. (2020). Retrospective cohort analysis of the army physical fitness test and the occupational physical assessment test in reserve officer training corps cadets: A brief report. Military Medicine, 185(7–8), E937–E943. https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz489 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz489
  • Dyrstad, S. M., Soltvedt, R., & Hallén, J. (2006). Physical fitness and physical training during Norwegian military service. Military Medicine, 171(8), 736–741. https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED.171.8.736 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED.171.8.736
  • Fields, J. B., Merrigan, J. J., White, J. B., & Jones, M. T. (2018). Body composition variables by sport and sport-position in elite collegiate athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(11), 3153–3159. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002865 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002865
  • Friedl, K. E., Moore, R. J., Hoyt, R. W., Marchitelli, L. J., Martinez-Lopez, L. E., & Askew, E. W. (2000). Endocrine markers of semistarvation in healthy lean men in a multistressor environment. Journal of Applied Physiology, 88(5), 1820–1830. https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.5.1820 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.5.1820
  • Garber, C. E., Blissmer, B., Deschenes, M. R., Franklin, B. A., Lamonte, M. J., Lee, I. M., Nieman, D. C., & Swain, D. P. (2011). Quantity and quality of exercise for developing and maintaining cardiorespiratory, musculoskeletal, and neuromotor fitness in apparently healthy adults: Guidance for prescribing exercise. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(7), 1334–1359. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e318213fefb
  • Gardasevic, J., Bjelica, D., Vasiljevic, I., & Corluka, M. (2019). Differences in Body Composition of Football Players of Two Top Football Clubs. Journal of Anthropology of Sport and Physical Education, 3(4), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.191004 DOI: https://doi.org/10.26773/jaspe.191004
  • Gobbo, L. A., Langer, R. D., Marini, E., Buffa, R., Borges, J. H., Pascoa, M. A., Cirolini, V. X., Guerra-Júnior, G., & Gonçalves, E. M. (2022). Effect of Physical Training on Body Composition in Brazilian Military. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(3), 1732. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031732 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031732
  • Hoyt, R. W., Opstad, P. K., Haugen, A. H., DeLany, J. P., Cymerman, A., & Friedl, K. E. (2006). Negative energy balance in male and female rangers: Effects of 7 d of sustained exercise and food deprivation. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 83(5), 1068–1075. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1068 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/83.5.1068
  • Knapik, J., Daniels, W., Murphy, M., Fitzgerald, P., Drews, F., & Vogel, J. (1990). Physiological factors in infantry operations. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology, 60(3), 233–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00839165 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00839165
  • Knapik, J. J., Rieger, W., Palkoska, F., Van Camp, S., & Darakjy, S. (2009). United States Army physical readiness training: Rationale and evaluation of the physical training doctrine. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 23(4), 1353–1362. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318194df72 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318194df72
  • Knapik, J. J., Sharp, M. A., Darakjy, S., Jones, S. B., Hauret, K. G., & Jones, B. H. (2006). Temporal changes in the physical fitness of US Army recruits. Sports Medicine, 36(7), 613–634. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636070-00005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-200636070-00005
  • Lidor, R., Côté, J., & Hackfort, D. (2009). ISSP position stand: To test or not to test? The use of physical skill tests in talent detection and in early phases of sport development. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 7(2), 131–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671896 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2009.9671896
  • Lindholm, P., Conniff, M., Gennser, M., Pendergast, D., & Lundgren, C. (2007). Effects of fasting and carbohydrate consumption on voluntary resting apnea duration. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 100(4), 417–425. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0442-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-007-0442-7
  • Masanovic, B., Milosevic, Z., & Bjelica, D. (2019). Comparative study of anthropometric measurement and body composition between soccer players from different competitive levels, elite and sub-elite. Pedagogics, Psychology, Medical-Biological Problems of Physical Training and Sports, 23(6), 282–287. https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2019.0602 DOI: https://doi.org/10.15561/18189172.2019.0602
  • Masanovic, Bojan. (2019). Comparative study of morphological characteristics and body composition between different team players from serbian junior national league: Soccer, handball, basketball and volleyball. International Journal of Morphology, 37(2), 612–619. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022019000200612 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-95022019000200612
  • McCaig, R. H., & Gooderson, C. Y. (1986). Ergonomic and physiological aspects of military operations in a cold wet climate. Ergonomics, 29(7), 849–857. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138608967197 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00140138608967197
  • Pate, R. R. (1983). A new definition of youth fitness. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 11(4), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1983.11708509 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00913847.1983.11708509
  • Proyer, R. T., Gander, F., Bertenshaw, E. J., & Brauer, K. (2018). The positive relationships of playfulness with indicators of health, activity, and physical fitness. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(AUG), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01440 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01440
  • Ranković, G., Mutavdžić, V., Toskić, D., Preljević, A., Kocić, M., Nedin-Ranković, G., & Damjanović, N. (2010). Aerobic capacity as an indicator in different kinds of sports. Bosnian Journal of Basic Medical Sciences, 10(1), 44–48. https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2734 DOI: https://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2010.2734
  • Rayson, M., & Holliman, D. (2000). Development of physical selection procedures for the British Army. Phase 2: Relationship between. Ergonomics, 43(1), 73. https://doi.org/10.1080/001401300184675 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/001401300184675
  • Reale, R., Burke, L. M., Cox, G. R., & Slater, G. (2020). Body composition of elite Olympic combat sport athletes. European Journal of Sport Science, 20(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1616826 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2019.1616826
  • Sarmento, H., Marcelino, R., Anguera, M. T., CampaniÇo, J., Matos, N., & LeitÃo, J. C. (2014). Match analysis in football: a systematic review. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(20), 1831–1843. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.898852 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2014.898852
  • Souza, F. de B., Ferreira, R. C. A., Fernandes, W. S., Ribeiro, W., & Lazo-Osorio, R. A. (2018). Comparison of aerobic power and capacity between athletes from different sports. Revista Brasileira de Medicina Do Esporte, 24(6), 432–435. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182406101651 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220182406101651
  • Stocker, H., & Leo, P. (2020). Predicting military specific performance from common fitness tests. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 20(5), 2454–2459. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.05336 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.05336
  • Sucipta, I. J., Adi, N. P., & Kaunang, D. (2018). Relationship of fatigue, physical fitness and cardiovascular endurance to the hypoxic response of military pilots in Indonesia. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1073(4). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1073/4/042044 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1073/4/042044
  • Tabacchi, G., Sanchez, G. F. L., Sahin, F. N., Kizilyalli, M., Genchi, R., Basile, M., Kirkar, M., Silva, C., Loureiro, N., Teixeira, E., Demetriou, Y., Sturm, D. J., Pajaujene, S., Zuoziene, I. J., Gómez-López, M., Rada, A., Pausic, J., Lakicevic, N., Petrigna, L., … Bianco, A. (2019). Field-based tests for the assessment of physical fitness in children and adolescents practicing sport: A systematic review within the ESA program. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247187 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11247187
  • Williamson, D. A., Bathalon, G. P., Sigrist, L. D., Allen, H. R., Friedl, K. E., Young, A. J., Martin, C. K., Stewart, T. M., Burrell, L., Han, H., Van Hubbard, S., & Ryan, D. (2009). Military services fitness database: Development of a computerized physical fitness and weight management database for the U.S. army. Military Medicine, 174(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.7205/milmed-d-03-7807 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7205/MILMED-D-03-7807
La source de données: Dialnet