Ejercicio físico y embarazo en deportistas de alto rendimiento.
- María Plaza-Carmona 1
- Leticia Martínez-González 2
- Carmen Juan-García 1
- Eva Andrés-Astorga 1
- 1 Hospital Universitario de León.
-
2
Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla
info
ISSN: 2173-822X
Año de publicación: 2021
Volumen: 5
Número: 33
Páginas: 20-28
Tipo: Artículo
Otras publicaciones en: Nuberos científica
Resumen
Moderate physical exercise during pregnancy has numerous advantages for the woman and her baby, as it helps prevent, amongst other complications, gestational diabetes and excessive weight gain during pregnancy. The aim of this Project is to identify the benefits of sports practice during pregnancy in high-performance athletes, to provide an overview of the recommendations for training during pregnancy, and finally, to analyse the potential complications due to physical training during pregnancy. A narrative review of the literature on pregnancy in high-performance athletes was conducted. In conclusion, it can be pointed out that sports where there is a greater risk of falling, those in which the heart rate rises above 140 bpm or those that produce a significant increase in body temperature are contraindicated. Due to these risks, many of these women decide to stop training during pregnancy or at least, to reduce their intensity. If they continue to train, their pregnancies are followed up very closely from the obstetric and physiotherapeutic teams.
Referencias bibliográficas
- González-Collado F, Ruiz-Giménez A, Salinas-Salinas GJ. Indicaciones y contraindicaciones del ejercicio físico en la mujer embarazada. Clinica e Investigación en Ginecologia y Obstetricia 2013;40(2). Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0210573X11001444?via%3Dihub
- Briceño Rodríguez DP, Pino Londoño N. Ejercicio físico en mujeres gestantes: Revisión de literatura. Proyecto fin de grado. Universidad de la Sabana; 2015.
- Melzer K, Schutz Y, Boulvain M, Kayser B. Physical activity and pregnancy. Sports Medicine. 2010;40(6). Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.2165/11532290-000000000-00000
- Peláez-Puente M, Casla S, Perales M, Rodríguez YC, Carballo RB. El ejercicio físico supervisado durante el embarazo mejora la percepción de la salud. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación. 2013(24). Disponible en: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=4473558
- Pozuelo Carrascosa DP, Sanabria Martinez G, Poyatos León R, Alvarez Bueno C, Muñoz Pinilla J, Lucas de la Cruz L. Ejercicio físico durante el embarazo: resultados maternos y neonatales. Andalusian Journal of Sports Medicine. 2015;8(1). Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1888-75462015000100054
- López de Subijana Hernández C, Mascaró Mir F, Conde Pascual E. Los servicios de asesoramiento a los deportistas de alto rendimiento en las universidades españolas. Kronos. 2014;15(1). Disponible en: https://revistakronos.info/articulo/los-servicios-de-asesoramiento-a-los-deportistas-de-elite-en-las-universidades-espanolas-1752-sa-L57cfb27247bde
- Real Decreto 971/2007, de 13 de julio, sobre deportistas de alto nivel y alto rendimiento. Boletín Oficial del Estado, 25 de Julio de 2007. 177: 32240-32247. https://www.boe.es/eli/es/rd/2007/07/13/971
- Branco M, Santos-Rocha R, Aguiar L, Vieira F, Veloso A. Kinematic analysis of gait in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. J Pregnancy. 2013;2013. Disponible en: https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jp/2013/718095/
- Gilleard WL. Trunk motion and gait characteristics of pregnant women when walking: report of a longitudinal study with a control group. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2013;13(1). Disponible en: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/1471-2393-13-71
- Lontay B, Bodoor K, Sipos A, Weitzel DH, Loiselle D, Safi R, et al. Pregnancy and Smoothelin-like Protein 1 (SMTNL1) deletion promote the switching of skeletal muscle to a glycolytic phenotype in human and mice. J Biol Chem. 2015;290(29). Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925820423956
- Lindqvist PG, Marsal K, Merlo J, Pirhonen JP. Thermal response to submaximal exercise before, during and after pregnancy: a longitudinal study. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003;13(3). Disponible en: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/jmf.13.3.152.156
- Santesteban-López L. Influencia del deporte de impacto en la disfunción del suelo pélvico en la mujer activa. Proyecto Fin de Grado. Tudela: Universidad Pública de Navarra; 2014.
- Popay J, Roberts H, Sowden A, Petticrew M, Arai L, Rodgers M, et al. Guidance on the conduct of narrative synthesis in systematic reviews. A product from the ESRC methods programme Version. Lancaster: Lancaster University; 2006
- Dooley M, Evenson KR, et al. Exercise and pregnancy in recreational and elite athletes: 2016 evidence summary from the IOC expert group meeting, Lausanne. Part 2—the effect of exercise on the fetus, labour and birth. Br J Sports Med. 2016;50(21). Disponible en: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/50/21/1297.short
- Madsen M, Jørgensen T, Jensen ML, Juhl M, Olsen J, Andersen P, et al. Leisure time physical exercise during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage: a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort. BJOG. 2007;114(11). Disponible en: https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1471-0528.2007.01496.x
- Erdener U, Budgett R. Exercise and pregnancy: focus on advice for the competitive and elite athlete. BMJ 2016.Disponible en: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/50/10/567.short
- Aguilar-Cordero MJ, Sánchez-López AM, Rodríguez-Blanque R, Noack-Segovia JP, Cano P, López-Contreras G, et al. Actividad física en embarazadas y su influencia en parámetros materno-fetales; revisión sistemática. Nutr Hosp. 2014;30(4). Disponible en: http://scielo.isciii.es/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0212-16112014001100001
- Pisani V. Beneficios en la calidad de vida de las embarazadas que realizan actividad física. Trabajo fin de grado. Buenos Aires: Universidad FASTA; 2015.
- Kader M, Naim-Shuchana S. Physical activity and exercise during pregnancy. Eur J Physiother. 2014;16(1). Disponible en: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/21679169.2013.861509
- Bø K, Hilde G, Stær-Jensen J, Siafarikas F, Tennfjord MK, Engh ME. Does general exercise training before and during pregnancy influence the pelvic floor “opening” and delivery outcome? A 3D/4D ultrasound study following nulliparous pregnant women from midpregnancy to childbirth. Br J Sports Med. 2015;49(3). Disponible en: https://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/3/196.short
- Carlhäll S, Källén K, Blomberg M. Maternal body mass index and duration of labor. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;171(1):49-53. Disponible en: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301211513004120
- Salvesen KÅ, Stafne SN, Eggebø TM, Mørkved S. Does regular exercise in pregnancy influence duration of labor? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2014;93(1). Disponible en: https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/aogs.12260
- Kardel KR, Johansen B, Voldner N, Iversen PO, Henriksen T. Association between aerobic fitness in late pregnancy and duration of labor in nulliparous women. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2009;88(8):948-52. Disponible en: https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1080/00016340903093583
- Barakat R, Pelaez M, Montejo R, Refoyo I, Coteron J. Exercise throughout pregnancy does not cause preterm delivery: a randomized, controlled trial. J Phys Act Health. 2014;11(5). Disponible en: https://journals.humankinetics.com/view/journals/jpah/11/5/article-p1012.xml
- Martinez-Pascual B, Alvarez-Harris S, Fernández-De Las Peñas C, Palacios-Ceña D. Maternity in Spanish elite sportswomen: A qualitative study. Women Health. 2014;54(3). Disponible en: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/03630242.2014.883660
- Petrov-Fieril K, Fagevik-Olsén M, Glantz A, Larsson M. Experiences of exercise during pregnancy among women who perform regular resistance training: a qualitative study. Physical therapy. 2014;94(8). Disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/ptj/article/94/8/1135/2735643?login=true