Executive functions influence on memory process in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and bipolar disorders with and without psychotic symptomsA pilot study

  1. Eduardo García-Laredo 1
  2. Miguel Ángel Castellanos 2
  3. Esperanza Badaya 3
  4. Nuria Paúl 2
  5. Raquel Yubero 2
  6. Fernando Maestú 4
  7. Juan D. Molina 5
  8. José Chacón 2
  1. 1 Universidad Internacional de La Rioja
    info

    Universidad Internacional de La Rioja

    Logroño, España

    ROR https://ror.org/029gnnp81

  2. 2 Universidad Complutense de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Complutense de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR 02p0gd045

  3. 3 University of Edinburgh
    info

    University of Edinburgh

    Edimburgo, Reino Unido

    ROR https://ror.org/01nrxwf90

  4. 4 Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
    info

    Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

    Madrid, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03n6nwv02

  5. 5 Universidad Francisco de Vitoria
    info

    Universidad Francisco de Vitoria

    Pozuelo de Alarcón, España

    ROR https://ror.org/03ha64j07

Zugehörigkeit anzeigen +
Zeitschrift:
The Spanish Journal of Psychology

ISSN: 1138-7416

Datum der Publikation: 2021

Nummer: 24

Art: Artikel

DOI: 10.1017/SJP.2021.38 DIALNET GOOGLE SCHOLAR lock_openOpen Access editor

Andere Publikationen in: The Spanish Journal of Psychology

Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung

Zusammenfassung

The objective of the present study was to evaluate whether declarative memory deficits are related to executive function deficits (EF), since they could be a consequence of a poor organization of the material to memorize. This interaction between both cognitive processes can be studied simultaneously in a single task such as the Test of Memory Strategies (TSM). 23 patients with paranoid schizophrenic disorder, 11 with bipolar disorder with psychotic symptoms, 13 with bipolar disorder without psychotic symptoms and 15 healthy subjects were evaluated with the TSM; with the memory test Texts A and B (subtest of the Barcelona neuropsychological assessment battery), which assesses short-term and immediate recall without the influence of EF; and with the Trail Making Test (TMT): Part A (sustained attention) and Part B (executive control). The patients groups and the control group showed an improvement in memory performance across each of the TSM conditions. However, this facilitating effect of the strategies differed among the groups (the patients with higher EF deficits showed less improvement). Regarding these results, we conclude that this cognitive process cannot be independent of EF. However, due to the pilot nature of this study, it would be recommended to replicate these findings in new studies.

Bibliographische Referenzen

  • Abellán-Martínez, M., Castellanos López, M. Á., DelgadoLosada, M. L., Yubero, R., Paúl, N., & Maestú Unturbe, F. (2019). Executive control onmemory test performance across life: Test of Memory Strategies. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 22, E50. https://doi.org/10.1017/sjp.2019.47.
  • Algarabel, S. (1996). Índices de interés psicolingüístico de 1.917 palabras castellanas. [Indexes of psycholinguistic interest of 1,917 Spanish words]. Cognitiva, 8, 43–88.
  • Amann, B., Gomar, J. J., Ortiz-Gil, J., McKenna, P., Sans-Sansa, B., Sarró, S., Moro, N., Madre, M., Landin-Romero, R., Vieta, E., Goikolea, J. M., Salvador, R., & Pomarol-Clotet, E. (2012). Executive dysfunction and memory impairment in schizoaffective disorder: A comparison with bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and healthy controls. Psychological Medicine, 42(10), 2127–2135. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291712000104.
  • American Psychiatric Association (APA). (2002). Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (4º ed., text rev.). [Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4º ed., text rev.)]. Masson.
  • Arbuthnott, K., & Frank, J. (2000). Trail Making Test, Part B as a measure of executive control: Validation using a setswitching paradigm. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 22(4), 518–528. https://doi.org/10.1076/ 1380-3395(200008)22:4;1-0;FT518.
  • Baddeley, A. (1996). Exploring the central executive. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A, 49(1), 5–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/713755608.
  • Baddeley A. (2000). The episodic buffer: A new component of working memory? Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 4(11), 417– 423. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01538-2.
  • Baddeley, A. (2002). Fractionating the central executive. In D. T. Stuss & R. T. Knight (Eds.), Principles of frontal lobe function (p. 246–260). Oxford University Press. https:// doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195134971.003.0016.
  • Balanzá-Martínez, V., & Tabarés-Seisdedos, R. (2009). Neuropsicología [Neuropsychology]. In T. Palomo & M. A. Jiménez-Arriero (Eds.), Manual de Psiquiatría [Psychiatry manual] (pp. 195–205). Ene Life.
  • Berberian, A. A., Trevisan, B. T., Moriyama, T. S., Montiel, J. M., Oliveira, J. A. C., & Seabra, A. G. (2009). Working memory assessment in schizophrenia and its correlationwith executive functions ability. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 31 (3), 219–226. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1516- 44462009000300007.
  • Berberian, A. A., Moraes, G. V., Gadelha, A., Brietzke, E., Fonseca,A.O., Scarpato, B. S.,Vicente,M.O., Seabra,A.G., Bressan, R. A., & Lacerda, A. L. (2016). Is semantic verbal fluency impairment explained by executive function deficits in schizophrenia? Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 38(2), 121– 126. https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2015-1663.
  • Bora, E., Vahip, S., Akdeniz, F., Ilerisoy, H., Aldemir, E., & Alkan, M. (2008). Executive and verbal working memory dysfunction in first-degree relatives of patients with bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Research, 161(3), 318–324. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2007.09.002.
  • Bora, E., Yücel, M., & Pantelis, C. (2010). Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia and affective psychoses: Implications for DSM–V criteria and beyond. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 36(1), 36–42. https://doi.org/10.1093/schbul/ sbp094.
  • Caixeta, L., Soares, V. L. D., Vieira, R. T., Soares, C. D., Caixeta, V., Ferreira, S. B., & Aversi-Ferreira, T. A. (2017). Executive function is selectively impaired in old age bipolar depression. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 194. https:// doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00194.
  • Cavanagh, J. T. O., van Beck, M., Muir, W., & Blackwood, D. H. R. (2002). Case-control study of neurocognitive function in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder: An association with mania. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 320– 326. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.180.4.320.
  • Clark, L., Iversen, S. D., & Goodwin, G. M. (2002). Sustained attention deficit in bipolar disorder. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 313–319. https://doi.org/10.1192/ bjp.180.4.313.
  • Fernandes, S. M., Araújo, A. M., Vázquez-Justo, E., Pereira, C., Silva, A., Paul, N., Yubero, R., & Maestú, F. (2018). Effects of aging on memory strategies: a validation of the Portuguese version of the Test of Memory Strategies. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 32(sup1), 133–151. https:// doi.org/10.1080/13854046.2018.1490456.
  • Fuster J.M. (2009). Cortex and memory: Emergence of a new paradigm. Journal of Ccognitive Neuroscience, 21(11), 2047– 2072. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21280.
  • Gjerde, P. F. (1983). Attentional capacity dysfunction and arousal in schizophrenia. Psychological Bulletin, 93(1), 57–72. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.93.1.57.
  • Hartman, M., Steketee, M. C., Silva, S., Lanning, K., & McCann, H. (2003). Working memory and schizophrenia: Evidence for slowed encoding. Schizophrenia Research, 59(2– 3), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(01)00366-8.
  • Koechlin, E., Basso, G., Pietrini, P., Panzer, S., & Grafman, J. (1999). The role of the anterior prefrontal cortex in human cognition. Nature, 399(6732), 148–151. https://doi.org/ 10.1038/20178.
  • Konopaske, G. T., Lange, N., Coyle, J. T., & Benes, F. M. (2014). Prefrontal cortical dendritic spine pathology in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. JAMAPsychiatry, 71(12), 1323–1331. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry. 2014.1582.
  • Lencz, T., Bilder, R.M., Turkel, E., Goldman, R. S., Robinson, D., Kane, J. M., & Lieberman, J. A. (2003). Impairments in perceptual competency andmaintenance on a visual delayed match-to-sample test in first-episode schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(3), 238–243. https://doi.org/ 10.1001/archpsyc.60.3.238.
  • Logan, J. M., Sanders, A. L., Snyder, A. Z., Morris, J. C., & Buckner, R. L. (2002). Under-recruitment and nonselective recruitment: Dissociable neural mechanisms associated with aging. Neuron, 33(5), 827–840. https://doi.org/10.1016/ s0896-6273(02)00612-8.
  • Logie, R. H. (2003). Spatial and visual working memory: A mental workspace. In D. E. Irwin & B. H. Ross (Eds.), The psychology of learning and motivation: Advances in research and theory: Cognitive vision (Vol. 42, pp. 37–78).AcademicPress Inc. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-7421(03)01002-8.
  • Maestú, F., Simos, P. G., Campo, P., Fernández, A., Amo, C., Paul, N., González-Marqués, J., & Ortiz, T. (2003). Modulation of brain magnetic activity by different verbal learning strategies. NeuroImage, 20(2), 1110–1121. https:// doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8119(03)00309-4.
  • Manoach, D. S., Schlaug, G., Siewert, B., Darby, D. G., Bly, B. M., Benfield, A., Edelman, R. R., & Warach, S. (1997). Prefrontal cortex fMRI signal changes are correlated with working memory load. Neuroreport, 8(2), 545–549. https:// doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199701200-00033.
  • Major, A. J., Vijayraghavan, S., & Everling, S. (2015). Muscarinic attenuation of mnemonic rule representation in macaque dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during a proand anti-saccade task. The Journal of Neuroscience, 35(49), 16064– 16076. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2454-15.2015.
  • Martínez-Arán, A.,Goodwin,G.,&Vieta, E. (2001). Elmito de la ausencia de disfunciones cognitivas en el trastorno bipolar. [Themyth of the absence of cognitive dysfunctions in bipolar disorder]. In E. Vieta (Ed.), Trastornos bipolares: Avances clínicos y terapéuticos [Bipolar disorders: Clinical and therapeutic progress]. (pp. 49–81). Panamericana.
  • Peña-Casanova, J. (1990). Programa integrado de exploración neuropsicológica. Manual. [Integrated program for neuropsychological examination. Manual]. Masson.
  • Perlstein, W. M., Carter, C. S., Noll, D. C., & Cohen, J. D. (2001). Relation of prefrontal cortex dysfunction to working memory and symptoms in schizophrenia. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 158(7), 1105–1113. https://doi.org/ 10.1176/appi.ajp.158.7.1105.
  • Reitan, R. M. (1958). Validity of the Trail Making Test as an indication of organic brain damage. Percept Motor Skills, 8, 271–276. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1958.8.3.271.
  • Reitan, R. M., & Wolfson, D. (1985). The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Test Battery: Theory and Interpretattion. Neuropsychology Press.
  • Robinson, L. J., Thompson, J.M.,Gallagher, P., Goswami, U., Young, A. H., Ferrier, I. N., & Moore, P. B. (2006). A metaanalysis of cognitive deficits in euthymic patients with bipolar disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 93(1–3), 105– 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2006.02.016.
  • Savage, C. R., Deckersbach, T., Heckers, S., Wagner, A. D., Schacter,D. L., Alpert,N.M., Fischman,A. J., &Rauch, S. L. (2001). Prefrontal regions supporting spontaneous and directed application of verbal learning strategies: Evidence from PET. Brain, 124, 219–231. https://doi.org/10.1093/ brain/124.1.219.
  • Shimamura, A. P. (2000). The role of the prefrontal cortex in dynamic filtering. Psychobiology, 28(2), 207–218. https:// doi.org/10.3758/BF03331979.
  • Shimamura, A. P. (2002). Memory retrieval and executive control processes. In D.T. Stuss & R.T. Knight (Eds.), Principles of frontal lobe function (pp. 210–220). Oxford University Press. http://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/ 9780195134971.003.0013.
  • Smith, E. E., & Jonides, J. (1999). Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science, 283(5408), 1657–1661. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.283.5408.1657.
  • Tek, C., Gold, J., Blaxton, T., Wilk, C., McMahon, R. P., & Buchanan, R. W. (2002). Visual perceptual and working memory impairments in schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 59(2), 146–153. https://doi.org/10.1001/ archpsyc.59.2.146.
  • Thompson, J. M., Hamilton, C. J., Gray, J. M., Quinn, J. G., Mackin, P., Young, A. H., & Ferrier, I. N. (2006). Executive and visuospatial sketchpad resources in euthymic bipolar disorder: Implications for visuospatial working memory architecture. Memory (Hove, England), 14(4), 437–451. https://doi.org/10.1080/09658210500464293.
  • Trapp, W., Dotterweich, S., Hintner, L., Wollny, H., Lautenbacher, S., & Hajak, G. (2017). Speed and capacity of working memory and executive function in schizophrenia compared to unipolar depression. Schizophrenia Research: Cognition, 10, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2017.07.002.
  • Vázquez, C., Ochoa, E., Fuentenebro, F., & Santos J. L. (1989). Cognición esquizofrenia. Memoria, pensamiento y lenguaje. [Cognition schizophrenia. Memory, thought and language]. Monografías de Psiquiatría 1, 26–31.
  • Wongupparaj, P., Kumari, V., & Morris, R. G. (2015). Executive function processes mediate the impact of working memory impairment on intelligence in schizophrenia. European Psychiatry, 30(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.eurpsy.2014.06.001.
  • Yubero, R., Gil, P., Paul, N., & Maestú, F. (2011). Influence of memory strategies on memory test performance: A study in healthy and pathological aging. Neuropsychology, Development, and Cognition. Section B, Aging, Neuropsychology and Cognition, 18(5), 497–515. https://doi.org/10.1080/ 13825585.2011.597840.
Fuente de los datos: Dialnet