Resumen de la evidencia sobre respuestas y adaptaciones derivadas del entrenamiento de CrossFitUna revisión sistemática

  1. Alejandro Oliver-López
  2. Adrian García-Valverde
  3. Rafael Sabido
Revista:
Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

ISSN: 1579-1726 1988-2041

Any de publicació: 2022

Número: 46

Pàgines: 309-322

Tipus: Article

Altres publicacions en: Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación

Resum

Objetivo: El objetivo de esta revisión es describir el estado de la evidencia científica relacionada con las respuestas agudas y crónicas del entrenamiento tipo CrossFit. Método: este estudio siguió las directrices de la guía Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). Sólo se incluyeron artículos originales publicados con anterioridad al 7 de junio de 2022, fueron consultadas cinco bases de datos. Se encontró un total de 994 publicaciones originales. De ellas, un total de 62 artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Resultados: los practicantes adquieren una mayor adherencia a la práctica de CrossFit y, al mismo tiempo, mejoran su rendimiento físico. El entrenamiento de CrossFit resulta en una mayor demanda fisiológica que otros deportes. Cada entrenamiento y prueba de competición requiere de un perfil de rendimiento específico. Los atletas desarrollan una buena composición corporal tras el entrenamiento de CrossFit a lo largo del tiempo. Proyectos y perspectivas: el requerimiento específico de cada entrenamiento y prueba deben ser estudiados para su categorización. Los índices de fatiga acumulada deberían ser explorados como detectores de síndrome de sobreentrenamiento en practicantes de CrossFit ya que los autores han reportado variables psicológicas relacionadas con la adicción. Conclusiones: El entrenamiento basado en el CrossFit impulsa varios cambios fisiológicos que podrían estar influenciados por la experiencia del atleta. Además, este tipo de entrenamiento requiere una alta demanda fisiológica que es percibida por los practicantes. Sin embargo, los participantes logran adherirse al CrossFit independientemente de sus objetivos. En el caso de los deportistas de alto rendimiento, se han identificado conductas adictivas a este tipo de ejercicio.

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